Energy Harvesting and Storage for Electronic Devices 2011-2021
Energy Harvesting and Storage for Electronic Devices 2011-2021
Energy Harvesting and Storage for Electronic Devices
Single User License
$3995
Energy harvesting is otherwise known as power harvesting or energy scavenging. It is the use of ambient energy to power small electronic or electrical devices. That means solar cells on satellites, heat powered sensors buried in engines, vibration harvesting for helicopter electronics and the wind- up radio or lantern. However, there are also several more esoteric options.
Energy harvesting has reached a tipping point. This is because the necessary lower power electronics and more efficient energy gathering and storage are now sufficiently affordable, reliable and longer lived for a huge number of applications to be practicable. From wind-up laptops for Africa to the wireless light switch working from the power of your finger, these things are either available or imminently available. And photovoltaics, long used in aerospace, has come down-market, even to road furniture but it has much further to go even to disposable solar film and even solar paint. The first solar powered watches and phones have appeared. Some new photovoltaic technologies are printed reel to reel at low cost, the resulting film working off heat as well as light. For example, Sony is commercialising flexible solar cells for indoor use.
However, there are further mountains to climb from self powered wireless sensors monitoring forest fires, pollution spillages and even inside the human body and in the concrete of buildings. These applications will become commonplace one day. Even devices with maintenance-free life of hundreds of years can now be envisaged. Meanwhile, bionic man containing maintenance free, self-powered devices for his lifetime is an objective for the next few years.
How do these things work? Which technologies have the most potential now and in the future? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Which countries have the most active programs and why? What are the leading universities, developers, manufacturers and other players up to? What alliances exist? What are the timelines for success? All these questions and more are answered in this report.
First prepared in late 2008/ early 2009, is the fruit of global visits, literature searches and interviews by technically qualified IDTechEx staff. IDTechEx stages the largest conferences in three continents on Printed Electronics and the only major conferences on Real Time Locating Systems/Wireless Sensor Networks and Photovoltaics beyond Conventional Silicon, plus a major RFID conference. These and its widespread technical and marketing consultancy business provides unique insight into what is happening and about to happen. IDTechEx has offices in the USA, UK, Germany, Poland and New Zealand and is setting up an office in Japan. Its staff speak many languages, travel intensively and are well placed to see the future.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Consumer Electronics
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. What is energy harvesting?
1.2. What it is not
1.3. Power requirements of different devices
1.4. Harvesting options to meet these requirements
1.5. Battery advances fail to keep up – implications
1.6. Some key enablers for the future – printed electronics, smart substrates, MEMS
1.6.1. Printed and thin film
1.6.2. Smart substrates
1.6.3. MEMS
2. APPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
2.1. Aerospace and military
2.2. Industrial
2.2.1. Standards – EnOcean Alliance and Buildings
2.2.2. Real Time Locating Systems
2.2.3. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
2.2.4. Aircraft, engines and machinery
2.3. Consumer
2.3.1. Mobile phones, wristwatches, radio, lamps etc
2.3.2. E-Labels, E-Packaging, E-signage, E-posters
2.4. Healthcare
2.5. Third World
2.6. Environmental
3. HARVESTING-TOLERANT ELECTRONICS, DIRECT USE OF POWER, STORAGE OPTIONS
3.1. Harvesting tolerant electronics and direct use of power
3.1.1. Progress with harvesting tolerant electronics
3.2. New battery options
3.2.1. Smart Dust
3.2.2. Lithium laminar batteries
3.2.3. Planar Energy Devices
3.2.4. Cymbet Corporation – integrated battery management
3.2.5. Transparent printed organic batteries
3.2.6. Biobatteries do their own harvesting
3.2.7. Need for shape standards for laminar batteries
3.3. Alternatives to batteries
3.3.1. Supercapacitors
3.3.2. Supercabatteries
3.3.3. Mini fuel cells
4. LIGHT HARVESTING FOR SMALL DEVICES
4.1. Comparison of options
4.1.1. Important parameters
4.1.2. Principles of operation
4.1.3. Options for the future
4.1.4. Many types of photovoltaics needed for harvesting
4.2. Limits of cSi and aSi technologies
4.3. Limits of CdTe
4.4. GaAsGe multilayers
4.5. DSSC
4.6. CIGS
4.7. Organic
4.8. Nanosilicon ink
4.9. Nantennas
4.10. Other options
4.10.1. Nanowire solar cells
5. MOVEMENT HARVESTING
5.1. Vibration harvesting
5.2. Movement harvesting options
5.2.1. Piezoelectric – conventional, ZnO and polymer
5.2.2. Electrostatic
5.2.3. Magnetostrictive
5.2.4. Energy harvesting electronics
5.3. Electroactive polymers
5.4. MEMS
5.5. Electrodynamic
6. HEAT HARVESTING
6.1. Thermoelectrics
6.1.1. Thermoelectric construction
6.1.2. Advantages of thermoelectrics
6.1.3. Heat pumps
7. OTHER HARVESTING OPTIONS
7.1. Electromagnetic field harnessing
7.2. Microbial and other fuel cells
8. PROFILES OF 200 PARTICIPANTS IN 22 COUNTRIES
8.1. Active Business Company GmbH
8.2. AdaptivEnergy
8.3. AdHoc Electronics
8.4. Advanced Cerametrics
8.5. Agency for Defense Development
8.6. AIST Tsukuba
8.7. Alabama A.&M. University
8.8. Alps Electric
8.9. Alvi Technologies
8.10. Ambient Research
8.11. AmbioSystems LLC
8.12. Applied Digital Solutions
8.13. Argonne National Laboratory
8.14. Arizona State University
8.15. Australian National University – Department of Engineering
8.16. BAE Systems
8.17. Biberach University of Applied Sciences
8.18. bk-electronic GmbH
8.19. BootUp GmbH
8.20. BSC Computer GmbH
8.21. California Institute of Technology
8.22. California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
8.23. California State University – Northridge
8.24. Carnegie Mellon University
8.25. CEA (Atomic Energy Commission of France)
8.26. Chinese University of Hong Kong
8.27. Chungbuk National University
8.28. Citizen Holding Co Ltd
8.29. China National Space Administration
8.30. Clarkson University
8.31. Cymtox Ltd
8.32. DigiTower Cologne
8.33. Distech Controls
8.34. Drexel University
8.35. East Japan Railway Company
8.36. EchoFlex Solutions
8.37. EDF R&D
8.38. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)
8.39. Eltako GmbH
8.40. Ember Corporation
8.41. Encrea srl
8.42. Energie Agentur
8.43. Engenuity Systems
8.44. EnOcean GmbH
8.45. European Space Agency
8.46. Exergen
8.47. Fast Trak Ltd
8.48. Fatih University
8.49. Ferro Solutions, Inc.
8.50. Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen
8.51. Freeplay Foundation
8.52. G24 Innovations
8.53. Ganssle Group
8.54. Georgia Institute of Technology
8.55. GreenPeak Technologies
8.56. Harvard University
8.57. High Merit Thermoelectrics
8.58. Hi-Tech Wealth
8.59. Holst Centre
8.60. Honeywell
8.61. Idaho National Laboratory
8.62. IMEC
8.63. Imperial College
8.64. India Space Research Organisation
8.65. Ingenieurbro Zink GmbH
8.66. INGLAS Innovative Glassysteme GmbH & Co. KG
8.67. INSYS Electronics
8.68. IntAct
8.69. Intel
8.70. ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute)
8.71. Jager Direkt GmbH & Co
8.72. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
8.73. Kanazawa University
8.74. KCF Technologies Inc
8.75. KIB Projekt GmbH
8.76. Kinetron BV
8.77. Kobe University
8.78. Konarka
8.79. Kookmin University,
8.80. Korea Electronics Company
8.81. Korea Institute of Science and Technology
8.82. Korea University
8.83. KVL Comp Ltd.
8.84. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
8.85. Lebn Solutions
8.86. LessWire, LLC
8.87. Leviton
8.88. LonMark International
8.89. Masco
8.90. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8.91. MEMSCAP SA
8.92. Michigan Technological University
8.93. Microdul AG
8.94. Micropelt GmbH
8.95. MicroStrain Inc.,
8.96. Mid Technology Corporation
8.97. MINIWIZ Sustainable Energy Dev. Ltd
8.98. Mitsubishi Corporation
8.99. MK Electric (a Honeywell Business)
8.100. Moritani and Co Ltd
8.101. Nanosonic Inc
8.102. NASA
8.103. National Physical Laboratory
8.104. National Semiconductor
8.105. National Taiwan University,
8.106. National Tsing Hua University
8.107. Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd
8.108. Newcastle University
8.109. Nextreme
8.110. Nokia Cambridge UK Research Centre
8.111. North Carolina State University
8.112. Northrop Grumman
8.113. Northeastern University
8.114. Northwestern University
8.115. Nova Mems
8.116. NTT DOCOMO
8.117. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
8.118. Ohio State University
8.119. Omnio
8.120. Omron Corporation
8.121. Orkit Building Intelligence
8.122. Osram
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. What is energy harvesting?
1.2. What it is not
1.3. Energy harvesting compared with alternatives
1.4. Power requirements of different devices
1.5. Harvesting options to meet these requirements
1.6. Battery advances fail to keep up – implications
1.7. Some key enablers for the future – printed electronics, smart substrates, MEMS
1.7.1. Printed and thin film
1.7.2. Smart substrates
1.7.3. MEMS
2. APPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
2.1. Aerospace and military
2.2. Industrial
2.2.1. Standards – EnOcean Alliance vs ZigBee
2.2.2. Real Time Locating Systems
2.2.3. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
2.2.4. Aircraft, engines, automotive and machinery
2.3. Consumer
2.3.1. Mobile phones, wristwatches, radio, lamps etc
2.3.2. E-Labels, E-Packaging, E-signage, E-posters
2.3.3. Textiles
2.4. Healthcare
2.5. Third World
2.6. Environmental
3. HARVESTING-TOLERANT ELECTRONICS, DIRECT USE OF POWER, STORAGE OPTIONS
3.1. Harvesting tolerant electronics and direct use of power
3.1.1. Progress with harvesting tolerant electronics
3.2. New battery options
3.2.1. Smart Dust
3.2.2. Lithium laminar batteries
3.2.3. Planar Energy Devices
3.2.4. Cymbet Corporation – integrated battery management
3.2.5. Infinite Power Solutions
3.2.6. Transparent printed organic batteries
3.2.7. Biobatteries do their own harvesting
3.2.8. Battery that incorporates energy harvesting – FlexEl
3.2.9. Technion Israel Institute of Science
3.2.10. Need for shape standards for laminar batteries
3.3. Alternatives to batteries
3.3.1. Supercapacitors
3.3.2. Supercapacitors and Supercabatteries
3.3.3. Supercabatteries
3.3.4. Mini fuel cells
4. LIGHT HARVESTING FOR SMALL DEVICES
4.1. Comparison of options
4.1.1. Important parameters
4.1.2. Principles of operation
4.1.3. Options for the future
4.1.4. Many types of photovoltaics needed for harvesting
4.2. Limits of cSi and aSi technologies
4.3. Limits of CdTe
4.4. GaAsGe multilayers
4.5. DSSC
4.6. CIGS
4.7. Organic
4.8. Nanosilicon ink
4.9. Nantennas
4.10. Other options
4.10.1. Nanowire solar cells
5. MOVEMENT HARVESTING
5.1. Vibration harvesting
5.2. Movement harvesting options
5.2.1. Piezoelectric – conventional, ZnO and polymer
5.2.2. Electrostatic
5.2.3. Magnetostrictive
5.2.4. Energy harvesting electronics
5.3. Electroactive polymers
5.4. MEMS
5.5. Electrodynamic
5.5.1. Generation of electricity
5.5.2. Harvesting from the human heart
5.5.3. Bridge monitoring
5.5.4. Wind up foetal heart rate monitor
6. HEAT HARVESTING
6.1. Thermoelectrics
6.1.1. Thermoelectric construction
6.1.2. Advantages of thermoelectrics
6.1.3. Automotive Thermoelectric Generation (ATEG)
6.1.4. Heat pumps
Energy Harvesting and Storage for Electronic Devices 2011-2021
Energy Harvesting and Storage for Electronic Devices
Single User License
$3995
7. OTHER HARVESTING OPTIONS
7.1. Electromagnetic field harnessing
7.2. Microbial and other fuel cells
7.3. Multiple energy harvesting
8. PROFILES OF PARTICIPANTS IN 22 COUNTRIES
8.2. Advanced Cerametrics
8.3. Agency for Defense Development
8.4. AIST Tsukuba
8.5. Alabama A.&M. University
8.6. Alps Electric
8.7. Ambient Research
8.8. AmbioSystems LLC
8.9. Applied Digital Solutions
8.10. Argonne National Laboratory
8.11. Arizona State University
8.12. Arveni
8.13. Australian National University – Department of Engineering
8.14. Avago Technologies General
8.15. BAE Systems
8.16. Boeing
8.17. California Institute of Technology
8.18. California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
8.19. California State University – Northridge
8.20. Carnegie Mellon University
8.21. CEA (Atomic Energy Commission of France)
8.22. Chinese University of Hong Kong
8.23. Chungbuk National University
8.24. Citizen Holding Co Ltd
8.25. China National Space Administration
8.26. Clarkson University
8.27. Cymtox Ltd
8.28. Drexel University
8.29. East Japan Railway Company
8.30. EDF R&D
8.31. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)
8.32. Ember Corporation
8.33. Encrea srl
8.34. European Space Agency
8.35. Exergen
8.36. Fast Trak Ltd
8.37. Fatih University
8.38. Ferro Solutions, Inc.
8.39. Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen
8.40. Freeplay Foundation
8.41. G24 Innovations
8.42. Ganssle Group
8.43. Gas Sensing Solution Ltd
8.44. General Electric Company
8.45. Georgia Institute of Technology
8.46. GreenPeak Technologies
8.47. Harvard University
8.48. High Merit Thermoelectrics
8.49. Hi-Tech Wealth
8.50. Holst Centre
8.51. Honeywell
8.52. Idaho National Laboratory
8.53. IMEC
8.54. Imperial College
8.55. India Space Research Organisation
8.56. IntAct
8.57. Intel
8.58. ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute)
8.59. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
8.60. Kanazawa University
8.61. KCF Technologies Inc
8.62. Kinergi Pty Ltd
8.63. Kinetron BV
8.64. Kobe University
8.65. Konarka
8.66. Kookmin University,
8.67. Korea Electronics Company
8.68. Korea Institute of Science and Technology
8.69. Korea University
8.70. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
8.71. Lear Corporation
8.72. Lebônê Solutions
8.73. Leviton
8.74. Lockheed Martin Corporation
8.75. LV Sensors, Inc.
8.76. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8.77. MEMSCAP SA
8.78. Michigan Technological University
8.79. Microdul AG
8.80. Micropelt GmbH
8.81. MicroStrain Inc.,
8.82. Midé Technology Corporation
8.83. MINIWIZ Sustainable Energy Dev. Ltd
8.84. Mitsubishi Corporation
8.85. Nanosonic Inc
8.86. NASA
8.87. National Physical Laboratory
8.88. National Semiconductor
8.89. National Taiwan University,
8.90. National Tsing Hua University
8.91. Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd
8.92. Newcastle University
8.93. Nextreme
8.94. Nokia Cambridge UK Research Centre
8.95. North Carolina State University
8.96. Northrop Grumman
8.97. Northeastern University
8.98. Northwestern University
8.99. Nova Mems
8.100. NTT DOCOMO
8.101. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
8.102. Ohio State University
8.103. Omron Corporation
8.104. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
8.105. Pavegen
8.106. Pennsylvania State University
8.107. Perpetua
8.108. Perpetuum Ltd
8.109. Polatis Photonics
8.110. POWERLeap
8.111. PowerFilm, Inc.
8.112. PulseSwitch Systems
8.113. Purdue University
8.114. Rockwell Automation
8.115. Rockwell Scientific
8.116. Rosemount, Inc.
8.117. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
8.118. Sagentia
8.119. Sandia National Laboratory
8.120. Satellite Services Ltd
8.121. Siemens Power Generation
8.122. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
8.123. Seiko
8.124. SELEX Galileo
8.125. Sentilla Corporation
8.126. Shanghai Jiao Tong University
8.127. Simon Fraser University
8.128. Smart Material Corp.
8.129. SMH
8.130. Solid State Research inc
8.131. Sony
8.132. Southampton University Hospital
8.133. SPAWAR
8.134. Spectrolab Inc
8.135. State University of New Jersey
8.136. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
8.137. Syngenta Sensors UIC
8.138. Technical University of Ilmenau,
8.139. Thermolife Energy Corporation
8.140. The Technology Partnership
8.141. TIMA Laboratory
8.142. Tokyo Institute of Technology
8.143. Trophos Energy
8.144. TRW Conekt
8.145. Tyndall National Institute
8.146. University of Berlin
8.147. University of Bristol
8.148. University of California Berkeley
8.149. University of California Los Angeles
8.150. University of Edinburgh
8.151. University of Florida
8.152. University of Freiburg – IMTEK
8.153. University of Idaho
8.154. University of Michigan
8.155. University of Neuchatel
8.156. University of Oxford
8.157. University of Pittsburgh
8.158. University of Princeton
8.159. University of Sheffield
8.160. University of Southampton
8.161. University of Tokyo
8.162. Uppsala University
8.163. US Army Research Laboratory
8.164. Virginia Tech
8.165. Voltaic Systems Inc
8.166. Washington State University
8.167. Wireless Industrial Technologies
8.168. Yale University,
8.169. Yonsei University,
8.170. ZMD AG
9. THE ENOCEAN ALLIANCE
9.1. Promoters
9.1.1. BSC Computer GmbH – Germany
9.1.2. EnOcean -Germany
9.1.3. Leviton – United States
9.1.4. Masco – United States
9.1.5. MK Electric (a Honeywell Business) – United Kingdom
9.1.6. Omnio – Switzerland
9.1.7. OPUS greenNet – Germany
9.1.8. Texas Instruments – United States
9.1.9. Thermokon Sensortechnik – Germany
9.2. Participants
9.2.1. ACTE .PL
9.2.2. Ad Hoc Electronics – United States
9.2.3. Atlas Group
9.2.4. b.a.b technologie GmbH – Germany
9.2.5. Beckhoff – Germany
9.2.6. bk-electronic GmbH
9.2.7. BootUp GmbH – Switzerland
9.2.8. BSC Computer GmbH
9.2.9. Cozir – United Kindom
9.2.10. Denro – Germany
9.2.11. Distech Controls – Canada
9.2.12. DRSG
9.2.13. EchoFlex Solutions
9.2.14. EHRT
9.2.15. Elsner Elektronik – Germany
9.2.16. Eltako GmbH
9.2.17. Emerge Alliance
9.2.18. Ex-Or – United Kindom
9.2.19. Funk Technik – Germany
9.2.20. GE Energy – United States
9.2.21. GFR – Germany
9.2.22. Hansgrohe Group – Germany
9.2.23. Hautau – Germany
9.2.24. HESCH – Germany
9.2.25. Hoppe – Germany
9.2.26. Hotel Technology Next Generation – United States
9.2.27. IK Elektronik GmbH – Germany
9.2.28. ILLUMRA – United States
9.2.29. INSYS Electronics
9.2.30. Intesis Software SL – Spain
9.2.31. IP Controls – Germany
9.2.32. Jager Direkt GmbH & Co
9.2.33. Kieback&Peter GmbH & Co. KG – Germany
9.2.34. LonMark International
9.2.35. Lutuo – China
9.2.36. Magnum Energy Solutions LLC – United States
9.2.37. Murata Europe – Germany
9.2.38. Osram
9.2.39. Osram Silvania
9.2.40. OVERKIZ – Germany
9.2.41. PEHA
9.2.42. PEHA – Germany
9.2.43. PROBARE
9.2.44. Regulvar
9.2.45. Reliable Controls – Canada
9.2.46. S+S Regeltechnik
9.2.47. S4 Group – United States
9.2.48. Sauter
9.2.49. Schulte Elektrotechnik GmbH & Co. KG
9.2.50. SCL Elements Inc – Canada
9.2.51. SensorDynamics AG
9.2.52. Servodan A/S
9.2.53. Shaspa – United Kingdom
9.2.54. Siemens Building Technologies – Switzerland
9.2.55. Siemens Building Technologies GmbH & Co
9.2.56. SmartHome Initiative – Germany
9.2.57. SOMMER – Germany
9.2.58. Spartan Peripheral Devices – Canada
9.2.59. Spega – Germany
9.2.60. steute Schaltgeräte GmbH & Co. KG
9.2.61. Texas Instruments
9.2.62. Titus – United States
9.2.63. Unitronic AG Zentrale – Germany
9.2.64. Unotech A/S – Denmark
9.2.65. USNAP – United States
9.2.66. Vicos – Austria
9.2.67. Viessmann Group – Germany
9.2.68. Vossloh-Schwabe – Germany
9.2.69. WAGO Kontakttechnik GmbH & Co. KG – Germany
9.2.70. Wieland Electric GmbH – Germany
9.2.71. YTL Technologies – China
9.2.72. Zumtobel Lighting GmbH – Austria
9.3. Associates
9.3.1. A. & H. MEYER GmbH – Germany
9.3.2. ABC Shop 24 – Germany
9.3.3. Active Business Company GmbH
9.3.4. Akktor GmbH – Germany
9.3.5. Alvi Technologies
9.3.6. ASP Automacao – Brazil
9.3.7. Axis Lighting – Canada
9.3.8. Biberach University of Applied Sciences
9.3.9. bmd AG -Switzerland
9.3.10. BMS Systems
9.3.11. Building Intelligence Group LLC – United States
9.3.12. CAO Group, Inc. – United States
9.3.13. Circuit Holding – Egypt
9.3.14. Com-Pacte – France
9.3.15. Cymbet – United States
9.3.16. Dauphin – Germany
9.3.17. DigiTower Cologne
9.3.18. DimOnOff – Canada
9.3.19. Distech Controls
9.3.20. Dogma Living Technology – Greece
9.3.21. Elektro-Systeme Matthias Friedl – Germany
9.3.22. Elka Hugo Krischke GmbH – Germany
9.3.23. Encelium Technologies – United States
9.3.24. Energie Agentur
9.3.25. enexoma AG – Germany
9.3.26. Engenuity Systems
9.3.27. Engenuity Systems – United States
9.3.28. Engineered Tax Services – United States
9.3.29. EnOcean GmbH
9.3.30. Enolzu – Spain
9.3.31. Enotech – Denmark
9.3.32. ESIC Technology & Sourcing Co., Ltd.
9.3.33. Functional Devices Inc. – United States
9.3.34. Gesteknik
9.3.35. Green Link Alliance
9.3.36. Gruppo Giordano – Italian
9.3.37. Hagemeyer – Germany
9.3.38. HBC Hochschule Biberach – Germany
9.3.39. Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG – Germany
9.3.40. Hermos – Germany
9.3.41. HK Instruments – Finland
9.3.42. Hochschule Luzern – Technik & Architektur – Switzerland
9.3.43. I.M. tecnics – Spain
9.3.44. Indie Energy – United States
9.3.45. Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. – United States
9.3.46. Ingenieurbüro Knab GmbH – Germany
9.3.47. Ingenieurbüro Zink GmbH
9.3.48. Ingenieurbüro Zink GmbH – Germany
9.3.49. INGLAS Innovative Glassysteme GmbH & Co. KG
9.3.50. Interior Automation – United Kingdom
9.3.51. Ivory Egg – United Kingdom
9.3.52. Kaga Electronics – Japan
9.3.53. KIB Projekt GmbH
9.3.54. Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI) – Korea
9.3.55. KVL Comp Ltd.
9.3.56. Ledalite – Canada
9.3.57. LessWire, LLC
9.3.58. Lighting Control & Design – United States
9.3.59. LogiCO2 International SARL. – Luxembourg
9.3.60. Masco
9.3.61. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation – United States
9.3.62. MK Electric (a Honeywell Business)
9.3.63. MONDIAL Electronic GmbH – Austria
9.3.64. Moritani – Japan
9.3.65. Moritani and Co Ltd
9.3.66. MW-Elektroanlagen – Germany
9.3.67. myDATA – Germany
9.3.68. Nibblewave – France
9.3.69. OBERMEYER Planen + Beraten GmbH – Germany
9.3.70. Omnio
9.3.71. Orkit Building Intelligence
9.3.72. Pohlmann Funkbussystems – Germany
9.3.73. PressFinish GmbH – Germany
9.3.74. Prulite Ltd – United States
9.3.75. Pyrecap – France
9.3.76. PYRECAP/HYCOSYS
9.3.77. R+S Group – Germany
9.3.78. SANYO Semiconductor LLC. – United States
9.3.79. SAT Herbert GmbH
9.3.80. SAT System- und Anlagentechnik Herbert GmbH
9.3.81. Seamless Sensing – United Kingdom
9.3.82. Selmoni – Switzerland
9.3.83. Sensocasa – Germany
9.3.84. Seven Line Control Systems – France
9.3.85. SIFRI, S.L. – Spain
9.3.86. SmartLiving Asia – Hong Kong
9.3.87. Spittler Lichttechnik GmbH – Germany
9.3.88. Spoon2 International Limited – United Kingdom
9.3.89. Steinbeis Transferzentrum für Embedded Design und Networking
9.3.90. StyliQ – Germany
9.3.91. STZEDN – Germany
9.3.92. Suffice Group – Hong Kong
9.3.93. Tambient
9.3.94. Tambient – United States
9.3.95. Technograph Microcircuits Ltd
9.3.96. Teleprofi-Verbindet – Germany
9.3.97. Thermokon – Danelko Elektronik AB – Sweden
9.3.98. ThermoKon Sensortechnik
9.3.99. t-mac Technologies Limited – United Kingdom
9.3.100. Tridum – United States
9.3.101. TRILUX GmbH & Co. KG – Germany
9.3.102. Unitronic AG Zentrale
9.3.103. Vicos
9.3.104. Vity Technology – Hong Kong
9.3.105. WAGO Kontakttechnik GmbH & Co. KG
9.3.106. WeberHaus – Germany
9.3.107. Web-IT – Germany
9.3.108. WelComm – United States
9.3.109. Wieland Electric GmbH
9.3.110. WIT – France
9.3.111. WM Ocean – Czech Republic
9.3.112. Yongfu – Singapore
9.3.113. Zurich University of Applied Science (ZHAW) – Switzerland
10. MARKET FORECASTS
10.1. Forecasts 2011-2021 for energy harvesting markets
10.1.1. Addressable markets and price sensitivity
10.1.2. IDTechEx energy harvesting forecasts 2011-2021, 2031
10.1.3. Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting
10.1.4. Which technologies win?
10.2. Wireless sensor networks 2010-2020
10.3. IDTechEx forecast for 2030
10.4. Bicycle dynamo market
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
APPENDIX 2: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
APPENDIX 3: PERMANENT POWER FOR WIRELESS SENSORS – WHITE PAPER FROM CYMBET
TABLES
1.1. Energy harvesting compared with alternatives
4.1. Comparison of pn junction and electrophotochemical photovoltaics.
4.2. The main options for photovoltaics beyond conventional silicon compared
4.3. CdTe cost advantage
4.4. Efficiency of laminar organic photovoltaics and DSSC
10.1. Some high volume addressable global markets for energy harvesting for small devices
10.2. Ambient power available for volume markets
10.3. Addressable market for high priced energy harvesting
10.4. Electronic products selling in billions yearly and their pricing
10.5. Global market for energy harvesting
10.6. Consumer market for energy harvesting
10.7. Industrial, healthcare and other non- consumer markets for energy harvesting
10.8. Wristwatches
10.9. Bicycle dynamo
10.10. Laptops and e-books
10.11. Mobile phones
10.12. Other portable consumer electronics~
10.13. Wireless sensor mesh networks
10.14. Other Industrial^
10.15. Military and aerospace+ excluding WSN
10.16. Healthcare#
10.17. Other+
10.18. Consumer vs other market value by technology 2021
10.19. Consumer market value in $ million by application and technology 2021
10.20. Other market in $ million by application and technology in 2021
10.21. IDTechEx forecast of market % value share of total photovoltaic market by technology excluding conventional crystalline silicon
10.22. Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting
10.23. Division of value sales between the technologies in 2021
10.24. Percentage value share of the global market for energy harvesting across large areas such as vehicles and railway stations (eg regenerative braking, shock absorbers, exhaust heat) in 2021
10.25. IDTechEx Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Forecast 2010-2020 with Real Time Locating Systems RTLS for comparison
10.26. WSN and ZigBee node numbers million 2010, 2020, 2030 and market drivers
10.27. Average number of nodes per system 2010, 2020, 2030
10.28. Number of systems 2010, 2020, 2030
10.29. WSN node price dollars 2010, 2020, 2030 and cost reduction factors
10.30. WSN node total value $ million 2010, 2020, 2030
10.31. WSN systems and software excluding nodes $ million 2010, 2020, 2030
10.32. Total WSN market value $ million 2010, 2020, 2030
FIGURES
1.1. Power requirements of small electronic products including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the types of battery employed
1.2. Ten year improvement in electronics, photovoltaics and batteries
2.1. Temperature monitoring on high speed trains
2.2. Huge number of potential WSN applications in the SNCF system
2.3. Evolution of a few of the feasible features for e-labels and e-packaging
3.1. Battery assisted passive RFID label recording time-temperature profile of food, blood etc in transit
3.2. Smart Dust WSN node concept with thick film battery and solar cells
3.3. New Planar Energy Devices high capacity laminar battery
3.4. World’s first thin-film battery with integrated battery management
3.5. Infinite Power solutions produce thin, lithium based rechargeable batteries
3.6. Flexible battery that charges in one minute
3.7. Comparison of an electrostatic capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor and an EDLC
3.8. Comparison of an EDLC with an asymmetric supercapacitor sometimes painfully called a bacitor or supercabattery
4.1. NREL adjudication of efficiencies under standard conditions
4.2. International Space Station
4.3. Number of organisations developing printed and potentially printed electronics worldwide
4.4. Some candidates for the different photovoltaic requirements
4.5. Spectrolab roadmap for multilayer cells
4.6. DSSC design principle
4.7. HRTEM plane view BF image of germanium quantum dots in titania matrix
4.8. The CIGS flexible photovoltaics of Odersun AG of Germany is used for energy harvesting to mobile phones on the bag of Bagjack of Germany
4.9. CIGS construction
4.10. The CIGS panels from Global Solar Energy
4.11. Wide web organic photovoltaic production line of Konarka announced late 2008.
4.12. Operating principle of a popular form of organic photovoltaics
4.13. Module stack for photovoltaics
4.14. INL nantennas on film
4.15. Nanowire solar cells left by Canadian researchers and right by Konarka in the USA
5.1. Power paving
5.2. Microscope image shows the fibers that are part of the microfiber nanogenerator. The top one is coated with gold
5.3. Schematic shows how pairs of fibers would generate electrical current.
5.4. Piezo eel
5.5. Capacitive biomimetic energy harvesting
5.6. Midé energy harvesting electronics
5.7. Artificial Muscle business plan
5.8. Artificial Muscle’s actuator
5.9. MEMS by a dust mite that is less than one millimeter across
5.10. Examples of electrodynamic harvesting
5.11. Heart harvester
6.1. The thermoelectric materials with highest figure of merit
6.2. Operating principle of the Seiko Thermic wristwatch
6.3. The thermoelectric device in the Seiko Thermic watch with 104 elements each measuring 80X80X600 micrometers
8.1. Profiled organisations by continent
8.2. Profiled organisations by country
8.3. Number in sample by intended sector of end use
8.4. Number of cases by type of harvesting
8.5. Transparent photovoltaic film
8.6. Arveni piezoelectric batteryless remote control
8.7. Advertisement for Citizen Eco-Drive
8.8. CNSA moon orbiting satellite with solar cells
8.9. Solar powered ESA satellites
8.10. Electrical lanterns, torches etc charged by hand cranking.
8.11. Freeplay wind up radio in Africa
8.12. Solar sail
8.13. Light in Africa
8.14. Hi-Tech Wealth’s S116 clamshell solar phone
8.15. Nantennas
8.16. Bulk nantennas
8.17. Human sensor networks
8.18. ISRO moon satellite
8.19. JAXA moon project
8.20. “Ibuki” GOSAT greenhouse gas monitoring satellite
8.21. KCF Harvesting Sensor Demonstration Pack
8.22. Flux density of a microgenerator
8.23. 3D drawing of the Pedal Light
8.24. WSN deployment
8.25. Micropelt thermoelectric harvester in action
8.26. Helicopter vibration harvester
8.27. Bell model 412 helicopter
8.28. Solar-powered wireless G-Link seismic sensor on the Corinth Bridge in Greece.
8.29. Multiple solar-powered nodes monitor strain and vibration at key locations on the Goldstar Bridge over the Thames River in New London, Conn
8.30. MicroStrain Wireless sensor and data acquisition system. Source: MicroStrain Inc
8.31. Volture vibration harvester
8.32. Another version of Volture
8.33. International Space Station
8.34. Solar panels for the Hubble telescope
8.35. Schematic representations of a PN-couple used as TEC (left) based on the Peltier effect or TEG (right) based on the Seebeck effect.
8.36. Nextreme thermoelectric generator
8.37. eTEC Module and Die
8.38. Morph concept
8.39. Flexible & Changing Design
8.40. Concept device based on reduce, reuse recycle envisages many forms of energy harvesting
8.41. Carrying strap provides power to the sensor unit
8.42. An optical image of an electronic device in a complex deformation mode
8.43. NTT DOCOMO concept phone with energy harvesting
8.44. Pavegen Systems Limited is looking for ways to tap into the energy of moving crowds
8.45. Heart energy harvesting
8.46. Perpetuum vibration harvester
8.47. PowerFilm literature
8.48. PulseSwitch Systems makes piezoelectric wireless switches that do not need a battery
8.49. Seiko Thermic wristwatch
8.50. Knee-Mounted Device Generates Electricity While You Walk
8.51. Tissot Autoquartz
8.52. Heart harvester developed at Southampton University Hospital
8.53. Compromise between power density and energy density
8.54. Thin film batteries with supercapacitors were efficient for energy storage
8.55. Two other battery formats
8.56. Syngenta sensor
8.57. Trophos BES Power Management & Application Architecture
8.58. Transmitter left and implanted receiver right for inductively powered implantable dropped foot stimulator for stroke victims
8.59. PicoBeacon, the first fully self-contained wireless transmitter powered solely by solar energy
8.60. Surveillance bat
8.61. Sensor head on COM-BAT
8.62. A solar bag that is powerful enough to charge a laptop
9.1. Self-powered Wireless Sensor Technology from EnOcean
9.2. Solar powered wireless sensor node
9.3. Sensor monitoring rock net using energy of net movement and solar cells
10.1. Energy harvesting for small devices, renewable energy replacing power stations and what comes between.
10.2. Global market number million
10.3. Global market unit value dollars
10.4. Global market total value millions of dollars
10.5. Consumer market number million
10.6. Consumer market unit value dollars
10.7. Consumer market total value millions of dollars
10.8. Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets number million
10.9. Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets unit value dollars
10.10. Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets total value millions of dollars
10.11. Consumer market number by sector
10.12. Consumer market total value by sector
10.13. Consumer market value by technology 2021
10.14. Other market value by technology 2021
10.15. Total market value by technology 2021
10.16. Meter reading nodes number million 2010-2020
10.17. Meter reading nodes unit value dollars 2010-2020
10.18. Meter reading nodes total value dollars 2010-2020
10.19. Other nodes number million 2010-2020
10.20. Other nodes unit value dollars 2010-2020
10.21. Other nodes total value dollars 2010-2020
10.22. Total node value billion dollars 2010-2020
10.23. WSN systems and software excluding nodes billion dollars 2010-2020
10.24. Total WSN market million dollars 2010-2020
10.25. WSN and ZigBee node numbers million 2010, 2020, 2030
10.26. Average number of nodes per system 2010, 2020, 2030
10.27. Number of systems 2010, 2020, 2030
10.28. WSN node price dollars 2010, 2020, 2030
10.29. WSN node total value $ million 2010, 2020, 2030
10.30. WSN systems and software excluding nodes $ million 2010, 2020, 2030
10.31. Total WSN market value $ million 2010, 2020, 2030
10.32. Global bicycle and car production millions
82. University of Michigan
8.183. University of Neuchatel
8.184. University of Oxford
8.185. University of Pittsburgh
8.186. University of Sheffield
8.187. University of Southampton
8.188. University of Tokyo
8.189. Uppsala University
8.190. US Army Research Laboratory
8.191. Vicos
8.192. Virginia Tech
8.193. Voltaic Systems Inc
8.194. WAGO Kontakttechnik GmbH & Co. KG
8.195. Washington State University
8.196. Wieland Electric GmbH
8.197. Wireless Industrial Technologies
8.198. Yale University,
8.199. Yonsei University,
8.200. ZMD AG
9. MARKET FORECASTS
9.1. Forecasts 2009- 2019 for energy harvesting markets
9.1.1. Addressable markets and price sensitivity
9.1.2. IDTechEx energy harvesting forecasts 2009-2019, 2029
9.1.3. Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting
9.2. Wireless sensor networks 2009-2019
9.3. IDTechEx forecast for 2029
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS
APPENDIX 2: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Wireless Power Transmission for Consumer Electronics and Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Wireless Power Transmission for Consumer Electronics and Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Wireless Power Transmission for Consumer Electronics and Electric Vehicles
Over the next decade, the most vibrant Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) markets will involve the contactless charging of portable and mobile equipment, in particular consumer electronics and electric vehicles and this is the focus of this report. These two aspects go together because the technology is similar, some proposed standards overlap and some suppliers seek to serve both markets.
Later, this will lead to contactless power for a high proportion of static consumer, industrial and military electronics. For now, it primarily concerns wireless charging of lithium-ion batteries in portable consumer electronics and in land, water and airborne electric vehicles, particularly cars, both hybrid and pure electric. These travel considerable distances and ready availability of standard, convenient ie contactless, charging capability is key to their widespread adoption. To the user of consumer electronics, this is particularly driven by the ever greater functionality and longer hours of use of mobile phones calling for frequent charging, given that the batteries are not improving fast enough.
Consumer electronics has a very powerful driver towards contactless charging in the form of the extreme inconvenience of the proliferation of electrically charged products each with an incompatible charging power supply, three to four billion units being made every year – a potential market for wireless charging pairs of up to ten billion dollars yearly, given market growth and an allied market of wireless power to electronic and electric consumer products that do not need charging. Similarly, there is a large unmet demand for wireless charging of vehicles, so the driver avoids the inconvenience, dirtiness and danger of having to get out of the vehicle to plug in something during bad weather or dangerous neighbourhoods. Many prefer not to handle heavy electrical equipment.
IDTechEx forecasts the number, unit value and market value of this charging equipment for 2012-2022, including separately the Levels 1-3 of charging speed for vehicles. The forecasts reflect a full consideration of the many market drivers. Unusually, the report evaluates the many negatives delaying market growth not just the positives that are the focus of previous reports on this subject that tend to substitute enthusiasm for reality. The technology options, suppliers and their successes and challenges, standards activities and the influence of related technologies such as metamaterials, printed electronics and printed electrics are considered. The relevant needs of the consumer packaged goods industry are considered as it becomes electronic. 24 tables and 45 figures pull this together, with 42 suppliers and their partnerships profiled in this 145 page report containing glossary and appendices.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
Table of Contents
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
2.INTRODUCTION2.1.What is Wireless Power Transmission (WPT)?
3.TECHNOLOGIES3.1.Device power consumption
3.2.WPT past present and future
3.3.What WPT encompasses
3.4.Charging levels
3.5.Options for short range inductive coupling
3.6.Radio Frequency RF
3.7.Radio frequency UHF
3.8.Ambient energy harvesting
3.9.Duke University
3.10.Microwave and laser beams
3.10.1.The laser and microwave alternatives
4.STANDARDS
4.1.Wireless Power Consortium
4.1.2.The purpose of the Wireless Power Consortium
4.1.3.Progress in adopting the standards
4.1.4.Consumer Electronics Association
4.1.5.Contacted power supply standard in the European Union
4.1.6.Contacted power supply standard in the People’s Republic of China
4.1.7.Contacted power supply standard in South Korea
5.ORGANISATIONS WIRELESSLY POWERING TRADITIONAL ELECTRONICS
5.1.1.AMIMON
5.1.2.Dell USA
5.1.3.Energizer USA
5.1.4.Fulton Innovation USA
5.1.5.Haier Group USA
5.1.6.Hewlett Packard
5.1.7.Intel USA
5.1.8.KI USA
5.1.9.Leggett & Pratt USA
5.1.10.Marconi Circuit Technology Corporation USA
5.1.11.Mojo Mobility USA
5.1.12.Philips Netherlands
5.1.13.Powermat USA
5.1.14.PureEnergy Solutions USA
5.1.15.Qualcomm USA
5.1.16.Research in Motion USA
5.1.17.Rohm USA
5.1.18.RTX Consumer Products Hong Kong
5.1.19.Sanyo Japan
5.1.20.Seiko Epson Corporation Japan
5.1.21.Texas Instruments USA
5.1.22.Wipower USA
6.POWERING CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS CPG
6.1.The need for WPT with CPG
6.1.1.Bundesdruckerei Germany
6.1.2.Fulton Innovation USA
6.1.3.Poly IC Germany
6.1.4.Schreiner PrinTronics Germany
6.1.5.Toppan Forms Japan
7.CHARGING ELECTRIC VEHICLES
7.1.History of vehicle charging
7.2.Company profiles
7.2.1.Conductix-Wampfler Italy
7.2.2.Energy Dynamics Laboratory USA
7.2.3.Evatran USA
7.2.4.HaloIPT New Zealand
7.2.5.Korea Advanced Institute of Technology
7.2.6.Magna-Charge USA
7.2.7.Nissan Japan
7.2.8.Presidio Graduate School USA
7.2.9.RRC Germany
7.2.10.Siemens-BMW
7.2.11.Singapore A*STAR
7.2.12.Utah State University USA
7.2.13.Volvo and Flanders Drive Sweden, Belgium
7.2.14.WiTricity and Partners USA
8.GLOBAL MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE8.1.Ten year forecasts
8.2.Pricing information
8.3.Forecasts of Level 1, 2 & 3
8.4.Examples of expenditure in China
8.5.Market beyond cars
8.6.Vehicle projections by type
8.7.Market drivers for charging stations
9.MARKET FORECASTS
9.1.WPT Forecasts 2012-2022
9.2.Market by region
9.2.1.Technology road map
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
APPENDIX 3: INTRODUCTION TO METAMATERIALS
APPENDIX 4: INTRODUCTION PRINTED ELECTRONICS
TABLES
1.1. Number, unit value ex-factory and total market value rounded of WPT hardware sold for consumer electronics worldwide 2012-2022
1.2. Number, hardware unit value ex-factory excluding any power storage and total market value rounded of contactless on-road vehicle charging stations sold worldwide in thousands 2012-2022
1.3. Number of on-road vehicle charging stations sold worldwide in thousands 2011-2021, residential, other and total, rounded, including plug-in and contactless
1.4. Global market value of the three levels of car charging station 2011-2021 in $ millions
3.1. 2000 year history of WPT, wireless power charging and batteries
7.1. The good and the bad of inductive contactless charging of electric vehicles
8.1. Global market for electric vehicle chargers US$ billion ex factory 2011 and 2021 rounded
8.2. Approximate global car charging station market in 2011 and 2021 in $ billion rounded
8.3. Value of the global traction battery charging station hardware market 2011-2021 giving percent of total for East Asia, Europe and North America for 2011 and 2021
8.4. Number of car charging stations sold worldwide in thousands 2011-2021, residential, other and total, rounded
8.5. Numbers thousands of the three levels of car charging station hardware worldwide 2011-2021
8.6. Examples of orders and commitments for non-residential car charging stations for on-road vehicles
8.7. Average unit price ex factory of the three levels of car charging station hardware 2011-2021 in $ thousands, excluding energy storage
8.8. Typical hardware price of charging stations indoor and outdoor in $ thousands
8.9. Global market value of the three levels of car charging station 2011-2021 in $ millions
8.10. Market for electric vehicles, both hybrid and pure electric, sold in the world 2012-2022 in thousands of units rounded
8.11. The charging infrastructure situation by category
8.12. Sales of Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs) (two wheelers and allied eg electric quad bikes and on road three wheel micro cars) by region by percentage of units
8.13. Split between Level 2 and Level 3 chargers with rounded percentage
8.14. Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2011-2021
9.1. Number, unit value ex-factory and total market value rounded of WPT hardware sold for consumer electronics worldwide 2012-2022
9.2. Number, hardware unit value ex-factory excluding any power storage and total market value rounded of contactless on-road vehicle charging stations sold worldwide in thousands 2012-2022
9.3. Number of on-road vehicle charging stations sold worldwide in thousands 2011-2021, residential, other and total, rounded, including plug-in and contactless
9.4. Global market value of the three levels of car charging station 2011-2021 in $ millions
FIGURES
2.1. Concept of a wireless power mat
3.1. Power requirements and sources for lowest power devices compared with contactless personal electrics and contactless vehicle charging
3.2. The place of energy harvesting in wirelessly powering electronic and electrical devices and vehicles
3.3. Solar bag and solar panel on phone, both for charging phones
3.4. Power in use vs duty cycle for portable and mobile devices showing zones of use of single use vs rechargeable batteries
3.5. Laptop fire caused by lithium-ion battery
3.6. Electric taxi in China on fire due to lithium-ion battery
3.7. Fatal UPS plane crash caused by the lithium battery cargo
3.8. The inadequate improvement in batteries compared to other technologies in the last 20 years
3.9. Powercast wireless sensor node without a battery, utilising transmitted UHF power
3.10. LaserMotive objectives illustrated
4.1. WPC interoperability logo
5.1. Photographs of the experimental set-up for RF-powered e-Skin in the dark (top) and transparent state (bottom)
5.2. Example of a segmented e-Skin panel (in two different states), illustrating the design freedom
5.3. A functional sample of an e-Skin window from Philips Research and Holst Centre that doesn’t require external power or batteries
5.4. WilkCharge mat
5.5. eneloop
6.1. Fulton wireless power integration in packaging
6.2. Wireless power circuit is printed directly
6.3. Poly IC application
6.4. PolyLogo®-RAD radio activated displays
6.5. Card with no battery, the image being illuminated by RF from RFID reader
7.1. Hino “no plug in” bus
7.2. In-road charging of small buses in Turin Italy
7.3. Evatran EV charging
7.4. Evatran Plugless Power EV charging station
7.5. HaloIPT 2010 launch of the first wireless charging in the UK
7.6. Operating principle of HaloIPT
7.7. Drayson racing car
7.8. KAIST OLEVs in 2010
7.9. Proximity charged tram
7.10. Inductive paddle
7.11. Wireless e-bike charger
7.12. Principle of the WiTricity Delphi wireless charging system
8.1. Value of the global traction battery charging station hardware market 2011-2021 percent of total for East Asia, Europe and North America for 2011 and 2021
8.2. Nissan backed charging stations being installed in the USA by region
8.3. Number of car charging stations sold worldwide in thousands 2011-2021, residential, outdoor and destination, rounded
8.4. Numbers thousands of the three levels of charging station worldwide 2011-2021
8.5. Average unit price of the three levels of charging station hardware vehicle 2011-2021 in $ thousands
8.6. BYD Auto charging station for pure electric taxis in China
8.7. Slow charging station in China
8.8. Fast charger for lead acid traction batteries in electric bicycles in China
8.9. Global market value of the three levels of car charging station 2011-2021 in $ millions
8.10. Market for electric vehicles, both hybrid and pure electric, sold in the world 2012-2022 in thousands of units
8.11. Total number of plug-in cars in thousands 2011-2021
Printed and Thin Film Transistors and Memory 2011-2021
Printed and Thin Film Transistors and Memory 2011-2021
Printed and Thin Film Transistors and Memory Market
Single User License
$3495
Printed and thin film transistor circuits will become a $4 billion market in 10 years, from just $2 million in 2011. They will drive lighting, displays, signage, electronic products, medical disposables, smart packaging, smart labels and much more besides. The chemical, plastics, printing, electronics and other industries are cooperating to make it happen. Already, over 500 organizations are developing printed transistors and memory, with first products being sold commercially in 2009.
The growth over the longer timescale, from 2011-2031, will be very similar to the early growth of the silicon chip market in the same interval. In other words, the twenty years from 1978 to 1998 saw a similar starting and finishing value of sales of silicon chips. History is repeating itself with the printed equivalent over the next twenty years, though not by taking much market share from silicon chips in the first fifteen years. Do not follow the herd into the well aired aspects of this subject. Gain advantage by understanding all the important aspects and opportunities.
Who should read this report
This report addresses two types of reader. Industrialists, investors and researchers with scientific training can read the report in the order presented. For the first time, they will see the big picture of what is happening and about to happen across the whole world in this subject. This includes the profiles, activities and intentions of 150 leading organizations in this field. We analyze and compare what is happening in 16 countries. Such information is not gathered in any other document. The report also gives the rapidly evolving choices of materials, device designs, chemistry and manufacturing processes for these devices – again a unique analysis. However, this report will also be useful for those with only a rudimentary understanding of science and engineering who seek to understand how the printed electronics revolution will greatly benefit society while creating billion dollar businesses and when and where this will happen.
We start with some descriptions appropriate for the beginner, opening up the subject with as little complexity and jargon as possible.
Forecasts and Applications
The report assesses the market and opportunity in different ways, such as forecasts by material type (organic vs inorganic), application (Display driver, RFID etc), flexible, printed and much more. However, the immediately accessible markets for printed transistors are commonly described as being back plane drivers for displays and use in RFID but that is misleading. We give the big picture – something not previously available – and also look at the impediments to successful commercialization of these components, in an honest and balanced appraisal. Forecasts are given for the next ten years and beyond.
All the Chemistries, Geometries and Processes
We cover the big picture – the full range of organic and inorganic chemistries that can be printed or thin film. Technical progress, companies and impediments are given, and their applications appraised. Detailed profiles of over 150 companies are given. Whether you intend to be a user, seller or researcher, consider the new InGaZnO semiconductors, the single layer geometry, the multi-function transistors, the printed silicon transistors and many other advances.
Progress by Territory
Understand the enormous amount of work going on in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the USA, Germany and the UK. See why no printing technology is ideal and what comes next. Although the press talks of transistors only working at the lower frequencies and modest memory capability in printed form, some of these devices work at terahertz frequency and some promise a gigabyte on a postage stamp for only a few cents and progress with ISO-capable printed RFID tags.
There is much more to printed electronics than commonly appears in press reports and research papers. This is a huge revolution impacting most aspects of human endeavor. Billion dollar suppliers will be created and even the smallest organizations involved are already signing deals with some of the largest – there is room for everyone.
Those thinking that this is all about organic electronics are boxing themselves into a corner. Those that think that printed transistors and memory are being developed by the few companies often mentioned in the press are missing the work at over 150 organizations, most of it very exciting indeed. The companies are distributed as follows.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Importance of printed and potentially printed electronics
1.1.2. Awesome new capability creates new markets
1.1.3. This is the new printing before it is the new electronics
1.1.4. Importance of flexibility, light weight and low cost
1.1.5. Creating radically new products
1.1.6. Improving existing products
1.2. How printed electronics is being applied
1.3. Importance of printed and thin film transistors and memory
1.3.1. Vision for the future
1.3.2. Benefits of thin film transistors and memory
1.4. Transistor basics and value chain
1.4.1. How a transistor works
1.4.2. TFTC value chain
1.5. Transistor geometry and parameters
1.5.1. Conventional geometry – horizontal transistors
1.5.2. New vertical geometry – vertical VFETs
1.5.3. New geometry – single layer transistors Plastic E Print
1.5.4. On off ratio and leakage current
1.5.5. Frequency, carrier mobility and channel length
1.6. Choice of materials for these transistors
1.6.1. The thin film transistors on the back of today’s LCD TV – a dead end?
1.6.2. Organic vs inorganic materials
1.7. Choice of semiconductor
1.7.2. Organic semiconductors
1.7.3. Crystalline Silicon is a dead end?
1.7.4. Compound inorganic semiconductors
1.7.5. Breakthrough in printed inorganic performance in from Kovio
1.7.6. CMOS and the n type difficulty
1.7.7. Ambipolar semiconductors
1.7.8. Carbon nanotubes as thin film semiconductors
1.7.9. Importance of the dielectric layer
1.7.10. Importance of codeposition
1.7.11. Memory basics and value chain
1.8. Substrates
1.8.1. High temperature and protective substrates vs low cost flexible
1.8.2. Polymers
1.8.3. Paper
1.9. Printing processes
1.9.1. Requirements
1.9.2. Ink jet vs fast reel to reel printing
1.9.3. Transfer printing of single crystals
1.9.4. 3D printed silicon transistors, Japan
2. ORGANIC TRANSISTORS AND MEMORY – DEVELOPMENTS
2.1. History and prospective benefits
2.2. RFID labels at Holst Centre
2.3. RFID labels from Poly IC
2.4. Lowest performance, lowest cost – ACREO
2.5. Organic dielectrics and ferroelectrics
2.6. High permittivity organic transistor gates by ionic drift
3. INORGANIC COMPOUND TRANSISTORS – DEVELOPMENTS
3.1. History and summary of potential benefits
3.2. Semiconductors
3.2.1. Zinc oxide based transistor semiconductors
3.2.2. Amorphous InGaZnO
3.2.3. Progress towards p-type metal oxide semiconductors
3.2.4. Transfer printing silicon, GaN and GaAs on film
3.2.5. Tin disulphide
3.3. Inorganic dielectrics in devices
3.3.1. Solution processed barium titanate nanocomposite
3.3.2. Hafnium oxide and HafSOx
3.3.3. Hybrid inorganic dielectrics – zirconia
3.3.4. Aluminium, lanthanum, tantalum and other oxides
3.3.5. Arizona State University’s Flexible Display Center (FDC) and the University of Texas at Dallas
3.4. Chromium based technology
3.4.1. Printed oxide transistors at Oregon State University
3.5. Silicon nanoparticle ink
3.5.1. Kovio
3.6. Printing aSi reel to reel
3.7. High-Mobility Ambipolar Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Transistors
3.8. Research on molybdenmnite at EPFL Lausanne
3.9. Do organic transistors have a future?
4. TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPLIERS – LARGE MEMORY
4.1. Types of memory
4.2. Big difference in making small vs large memory
4.3. Strategy of various developers of thin film and printed memory
4.3.2. Thin Film Electronics TFE memory
5. TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPLIERS -CONDUCTORS
5.1. Organic vs inorganic conductors
5.2. Organic conductors
5.3. Inorganic conductors
5.3.2. Comparison of metal options
5.3.3. Polymer – metal suspensions
5.3.4. Silver solution
5.4. Progress with new conductive ink chemistries and cure processes
5.4.1. Graphene hybrid technology
5.5. Carbon nanotubes
5.6. Carbon Nanotubes and printed electronics
5.7. Developers of Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics
6. MARKETS 2011-2021
6.1. Forecasts 2011-2021
6.2. Assumptions for our forecasts
6.3. Split between backplane, RFID and other applications to 2021
6.4. Size of relevant markets that are impacted
6.5. Potential for non-RFID electronic labels
6.6. Potential for RFID labels 2011-2021
6.7. Market for RFID
6.7.2. Ultimate potential for highest volume RFID
6.7.3. Penetration of chipless RFID
6.8. Impact on silicon
6.9. Forecasts for materials
6.10. Backplane transistor arrays hold up AMOLED market penetration
6.11. Impediments to the commercialisation of printed transistors and memory
7. COMPARISON OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN TFTCS AND THEIR MATERIALS
7.1. Semiconductor, process, geometry, targets, challenges and objectives for 80 organisations in printed and thin film transistors and/ or memory
7.2. Profiles of 45 organisations in printed and thin film transistors and/ or memory
7.2.1. ACREO
7.2.2. AU Optoelectronics
7.2.3. BASF
7.2.4. Canon
7.2.5. CEA Liten
7.2.6. DaiNippon Printing
7.2.7. Dow Chemical
7.2.8. Ecole Superiure des Mines Saint Etienne
7.2.9. ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)
7.2.10. Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems
7.2.11. Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration
7.2.12. Fujitsu
7.2.13. Heraeus (formerly H.C.Starck)
7.2.14. Hewlett Packard
7.2.15. Hitachi
7.2.16. Impika
7.2.17. Industrial Technology Research Institute
7.2.18. Institute of Microelectronics
7.2.19. International University of Bremen
7.2.20. Japan Science and Technology Agency
7.2.21. Korea Electronics Technology Institute
7.2.22. Korea Institute of Science and Technology
7.2.23. Kovio
7.2.24. Kyung Hee University
7.2.25. Matsushita
7.2.26. Merck Chemicals
7.2.27. NHK
7.2.28. Oregon State University
7.2.29. Palo Alto Research Center
7.2.30. Paru
7.2.31. Plastic Logic
7.2.32. Poly IC
7.2.33. PragmatIC Printing (formerly ePrint)
7.2.34. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology SAIT
7.2.35. Semiconductor Energy Laboratory
7.2.36. Sony
7.2.37. Sunchon National University
7.2.38. Thin Film Electronics
7.2.39. Tohoku University
7.2.40. Tokyo Institute of Technology
7.2.41. Toppan Printing
7.2.42. University of California Los Angeles
7.2.43. University of Cambridge
7.2.44. University of Tokyo
7.2.45. Xerox
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Envisaged benefits of TFTCs in RFID and other low-cost applications when compared with envisaged silicon chips
1.2. Typical carrier mobility in different potential TFTC semiconductors (actual and envisaged)
1.3. Properties of the Polyera/ BASF n type printing ink for organic field effect transistors consisting of N,N Dioctyl-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboxyamide), PD18-CN2
2.1. Printable polymer transistor dielectric PE-DI-1900 from BASF and Polyera
3.1. A summary of the promised benefits of polymer ink used in pilot production of organic transistors vs two thin film inorganic semiconductors for transistors vs nanosilicon ink
3.2. Some properties of new thin film dielectrics
3.3. Benefits and challenges of R2R
3.4. Imprint lithography
4.1. Some of the small group of contestants for large capacity printed memory
5.1. Benefits and challenges of organic vs inorganic conductors for printed and thin film transistors, memory and their interconnects.
5.2. Conductance in ohms per square for the different printable conductive materials compared with bulk metal
5.3. Examples of ink suppliers progressing printed RFID antennas etc
5.4. Some companies progressing ink jettable conductors
5.5. Comparison of metal etch (e.g. copper and aluminium) conductor choices
5.6. Electroless metal plate – Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by wet metal plating
5.7. Electro metal plate – Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by dry metal plating
5.8. Printable metallic conductors cure at LT e.g. silver based ink
5.9. A typical process cost comparison for RFID antennas
5.10. Possibilities for various new printed conductors.
5.11. Charge carrier mobility of carbon nanotubes compared with alternatives
5.12. Developers of Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics
6.1. Global market for printed electronics logic and memory 2011-2021 in billions of dollars, with % printed and % flexible
6.2. Primary assumptions of organic electronics in full production 2007 to 2025
6.3. Global electronics industry by application
6.4. End user markets relevant to printed electronics
6.5. Global semiconductor shipments monthly and three month average 1983 to 2005
6.6. Statistics for electronic labels and their potential locations
6.7. Number (in millions) of passive tags by application 2011-2021
6.8. Value of passive tags by application 2011-2021 (US Dollar Millions)
6.9. Choices of digital chipless RFID technologies
6.10. Chipless versus Chip RFID, in numbers of units (billions) 2011-2021 (includes passive and active RFID)
6.11. Market size of a variety of chipless solutions, US$ millions
6.12. Scope for printed TFTCs to create new markets or replace silicon chips
6.13. Market for printed and potentially printed electronic devices 2011-2021 in billions of dollars
6.14. Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2011-2021 in billions of dollars
7.1. Objectives and challenges of 80 organisations developing printed and potentially printed transistor and/ or memory circuits and/or their materials
7.2. Objectives and challenges of 23 organizations developing inks and their materials for printed and potentially printed transistors and memory
7.3. 42 organisations that developing TFTCs and their materials and their priorities for products to be sold
FIGURES
1.1. Growth in sales of silicon chips by value compared with growth in sales of printed and thin film electronic components.
1.2. Examples of the radically new capabilities of printed electronics.
1.3. Types of early win and longer term project involving printed electronics 1995-2025
1.4. Logic circuits printed by PolyIC in Germany using a reel to reel process
1.5. How printed electronics is being applied to products
1.6. Printed Electronics Applications
1.7. Plastic film scanner
1.8. The value chain for manufacturing of printed electronics
1.9. Value chain for TFTCs and examples of migration of activity for players
1.10. Traditional geometry for a field effect transistor
1.11. Vertical organic field effect transistor VOFET showing a short channel length and a large cross section for current flow. The substrate is shown at the bottom.
1.12. ORFID view of the problems of the traditional horizontal transistor
1.13. Examples of vertical transistors
1.14. ORFID VOFET approach
1.15. The Plastic E print process
1.16. Structure of SSD diode and device operation
1.17. Principle of self aligned printing by Plastic Logic
1.18. Prevalence of organic vs inorganic materials in printed and thin film electronics today
1.19. PEDOT:PSS
1.20. Motorola summary of thin film FET issues concerning the dielectric layer .
1.21. Motorola view of available gate materials
1.22. The simple capacitor like structure for many printed devices including memory
1.23. Choices of substrate for printed electronics
1.24. Change in stiffness of PET vs PEN substrate material with temperature.
1.25. Biaxially oriented crystalline film
1.26. Factors influencing film choice- property set
1.27. Some candidate materials for flexible substrates
1.28. Requirements in printing thin film transistors
1.29. The big picture for printing transistors and memory in ever increasing numbers
1.30. Reel to reel printing of transistors and complete RFID labels by Poly IC
1.31. Options for high speed, low-cost printing of TFTCs
1.32. Choice of printing technology for silver RFID antennas today, where Omron and Avery Dennison use gravure despite volumes being no more than hundreds of millions.
1.33. Performance improvement in thermal ink jet over the years.
1.34. Benefits of ink jet printing of electronics
1.35. Thermal ink jet printed transistor evolution
1.36. Hybrid process improves performance
1.37. Transfer printed GaAs FETs on PET
1.38. Semprius opportunity space
1.39. Seiko Epson 3D printed silicon transistor
2.1. 64-bit organic transponder chip based on dual-gate thin-film-transistor technology, achieving 4.3kb/s data rate.
2.2. Holst Centre’s 128 bit RFID transponder on plastic film.
2.3. ACREO technology platform
2.4. Components of the ACREO low functionality approach to transistors
2.5. ACREO electrochemical transistors
2.6. Electrochemical components electrical effects
2.7. ACREO electrochemical transistors
2.8. ACREO objectives for electrochemical transistor circuits
2.9. ACREO electrochemical timer transistor
2.10. ACREO matrix addressed display.
2.11. Interactive games printed on paper
2.12. Concept demonstrator integrating printed electrochemical components and its patented “Dry Phase Patterning” of metal conductors.
2.13. ACREO applicational ideas
2.14. Transistor structure used
2.15. Ion modulation
3.1. Early Hewlett Packard work on ink jet printing of inorganic compound semiconductors
3.2. Printed flexible inorganic semiconductor
3.3. Transparent transistor
3.4. Material choices for transparent transistors
3.5. Amorphous thin film inorganic dielectric
3.6. Example of ZnO based transistor circuit that is transparent.
3.7. Using a nanolaminate as an e-platform
3.8. TEM images of solution processed nanolaminates
3.9. Cross-sectional schematic view of an amorphous oxide TFT
3.10. Transparent and flexible active matrix backplanes fabricated on PEN films
3.11. Semprius transfer printing
3.12. Motorola high permittivity printable OFET dielectric using a barium titanate organic nanocomposite.
3.13. Hybrid organic-inorganic transistor and right dual dielectric transistor
3.14. Motorola high permittivity printable OFET dielectric using a barium titanate organic nanocomposite.
3.15. Motorola results – the nanotechnology used
3.16. Lower operating voltage
3.17. NHK transistor on polycarbonate film with tantalum oxide gate.
3.18. Solution-based activities and capabilities
3.19. Printing inorganic films
3.20. Aqueous processing of oxides
3.21. Examples of the challenges
3.22. A typical test transistor with HafSOx dielectric
3.23. Performance of Kovio’s ink versus others by mobility
3.24. Road map
3.25. The web rolled on the core is its own clean room
3.26. Basic Imprint Lithography Process
3.27. Molybdenite based transistor geometry
4.1. An all-organic permanent memory transistor
4.2. TFE memory compared with the much more complex DRAM in silicon
4.3. Structure of TFE memory
4.4. TFE priorities for commercialisation of mega memory
5.1. InkTec soluble silver inks. Left: Transparent Electronic Ink. Right: Transparent Inkjet Inks
5.2. Patterning using InkTec ink
5.3. Typical SEM images of CU flake C1 6000F. Copper flake
5.4. Properties and morphology of single walled carbon nanotubes
5.5. Nanotube shrink-wrap from Unidym
6.1. Transistors – first significant commercial product in 2011
6.2. Sales of printed and potentially printed transistors and memory by application in 2011
6.3. Sales of printed and potentially printed transistors and memory by application in 2016
6.4. Sales of printed and potentially printed transistors and memory by application in 2021
6.5. Potential, in billions yearly, for global sales of RFID labels and circuits printed directly onto products or packaging. Item level is shown in red. These are examples.
6.6. Market for printed and potentially printed electronic devices by chemistry of key element 2011-2021 in billions of dollars
6.7. Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2011-2021
6.8. Current options and challenges for backplane TFTs
7.1. Fujitsu “electronic paper” display
7.2. Researchers and users play major roles with active logistic support from JST
7.3. High Mobility OTFT
7.4. Summary and Conclusion
7.5. PARC have developed innovative displays
7.6. Materials and devices. Fully printed RFID tag in development.
7.7. Fully printed EAS (anti theft) tag shown on website.
7.8. Prototype HF tag and reader
7.9. Left is diode logic OR gate and the right is a bridge rectifier
7.10. Micrograph of an SSD array and the 110 GHz microwave measurement setup
7.11. Samsung OLED display
7.12. A circuit by Associate Professor Zhenan Bao.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Consumer Electronics
Car Traction Batteries ? the New Gold Rush 2011-2021
Car Traction Batteries – the New Gold Rush 2011-2021
Single User License
$3995
This report is intended for industrialists, investors, market researchers, legislators and others interested in the large new market now being created for batteries that propel hybrid and pure electric cars along the road. It will also inform those studying associated technology and industrial and government initiatives and legislation. The report is suitable for the non technical reader, with introductory appendices and glossary for those new to the subject. However, there are many comparison graphs, tables and sections concerning technical aspects, so those with appropriate technical training will find much to interest them as well.
Few markets have ignored the global financial meltdown and continued to grow extremely rapidly. Car traction batteries are one of these, so it is not surprising that they are referred to as the new gold rush. It is now powered by huge government and corporate investment and a flood of exciting new models of electric car.
One way of prospering in a gold rush is to "get there first and sell shovels" and, in this report, we do cover the supply of key materials, such as lithium and lanthanum, for the new types of battery that are rapidly being adopted. We also compare the different options of chemistry and construction and the nanotechnology and other materials skills being brought to bear. These are the shovels. However, the main emphasis in this report is on detailed forecasting by application, region etc of both the new cars and the batteries that go in them, including prices and numbers. There are also detailed profiles of over 50 organisations and their alliances involved in these batteries. Many are putting down the "entry fee" of one billion dollars to have a chance of being a world leader in traction batteries for cars.
This report leads you to commercial success. It is the only up to date, comprehensive reference book on car traction batteries worldwide. Researched by a team that has been studying the market for ten years, the report is frequently updated because the subject is moving so fast. You will therefore get the very latest version when you place your order. Indeed, in addition, we provide one hour of free consultancy by phone or email to answer any further questions after you have read the report. It is a sister publication to the popular IDTechEx report "Hybrid and Pure Electric Cars 2011-2021″ and other reports on batteries for portable devices, thin film batteries and so on.
The market for car traction batteries will be over $54 billion in 2021. How do we get there? Who will be the leading supplier? Who has the best chemistry and the largest financial commitment? Who has the largest amount of appropriate experience and who has their batteries designed into what new cars? What small companies would be interesting acquisitions and what are the objectives of the giant corporations entering part of this value chain for the first time? It is all here, pulled together with summary tables, graphs and illustrations and no equations. This is a high stakes game that will be key to saving the planet and the car industry and those hit by dependence on declining oil reserves. Appropriately, it has been said that, "In future, the battery is the car". The winning supplier will create a new, highly profitable ten billion dollar activity and there will be many prospering niche players and materials and technology suppliers.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Total car traction battery market value 2011-2021
1.2. The market for traction batteries for new cars
1.3. Cells – modules – battery packs
1.4. Replacement car traction battery pack market 2010-2020
1.5. Fuel cells
1.6. Traction batteries today
1.7. How to improve lithium car traction batteries
1.8. Expected car traction battery improvement 2009-2020
1.9. Other potential winners
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Success with other EVs
2.2. Sad history of on-road electric cars then a tipping point
2.2.1. Why on-road cars are so very different
2.2.2. Dramatic tipping point in 2009 – the market comes alive
2.2.3. Consumer acceptance of the latest hybrids
2.2.4. Rapid recent progress with pure electric vehicles
2.3. The ideal car traction battery
2.3.1. All hybrids
2.3.2. Mild hybrids
2.3.3. Plug in hybrids
2.3.4. Pure electric vehicles
2.3.5. Recent progress
2.4. Traction battery achievements and problems so far
2.4.1. Batteries for the best seller – the Prius hybrid
2.4.2. China resurgent
2.4.3. Specifications
2.4.4. Changfeng hybrid
2.4.5. Bright Automotive hybrid
2.4.6. Chevrolet Volt hybrid
2.4.7. Pure electric family cars – the race for range
2.4.8. New Power of China pure electric
2.4.9. BYD of China pure electric and hybrid
2.4.10. Tesla pure electric
2.4.11. Lightning pure electric
2.4.12. Subaru Stella pure electric
2.4.13. Nissan Leaf
2.5. Design considerations
2.5.1. Future evolution of hybrids and pure electric cars
2.5.2. Battery performance over time – battery life
2.5.3. Battery state of charge
2.5.4. Depth of discharge affects life
2.5.5. Capacity rating
2.5.6. Daily depth of discharge
2.5.7. Charging and discharging rates
2.5.8. Plug in requirements align with pure electric cars
2.5.9. Hybrids need power and pure electrics need capacity – for now
2.5.10. Parallel hybrids differ
2.5.11. Plug in hybrids try to be the best of both worlds
2.5.12. Watt hours per mile
2.5.13. Charging rates
2.5.14. Custom packaging
2.6. Charging infrastructure
2.6.1. Need for standard connection
2.6.2. Need for widespread charging infrastructure
2.6.3. Battery changing as an alternative, Volt, e-Smart, Bee
2.7. Government support
2.7.1. The Chinese billions
2.7.2. The Obama billions
3. CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL OPTIONS COMPARED
3.1. Comparison of electrochemical options
3.1.1. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density
3.1.2. Supercapacitors can help
3.1.3. Lithium challenges
3.1.4. Lead acid is simple
3.1.5. Needs
3.2. Lead acid improvement
3.2.1. Bipolar lead acid
3.2.2. Nickel metal hydride
3.2.3. Sodium
3.2.4. Zinc air
3.2.5. The many lithium options
3.2.6. Lithium polymer electrolyte now important
3.2.7. Genuinely Solid State Traction Batteries
3.3. Department of Energy evaluation
3.4. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization evaluation
3.5. How to improve lithium-ion batteries
3.5.1. View of US Department of Energy panel of experts
3.5.2. Improving the charge-discharge speed of lithium-ion batteries
3.5.3. Improving life
3.6. Intrinsically safe lithium-ion batteries
3.6.1. Intrinsically safe against fire
3.6.2. Intrinsically safe against over charging
3.6.3. Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage
3.7. Supercabatteries
3.7.1. Lead carbon
3.8. Materials vulnerable to price hikes
3.8.1. Lithium
3.8.2. Lanthanum
4. PROGRESS WITH NEW GENERATION LITHIUM TRACTION BATTERIES
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Lithium manganese
4.3. Lithium iron phosphate
4.3.1. Recharging breakthrough
4.4. Lithium air and lithium metal
4.5. Lithium sulfur
4.5.1. Other challenges
5. SAFETY OPTIONS
5.1. Preventing explosion or fire
5.2. Preventing radiation
5.3. Electric shock
5.4. Poisonous gas
6. PROFILES OF 41 DEVELOPERS AND PRODUCERS
6.1. A123Systems USA with GE USA and Fisker
6.1.1. GE has its own battery plant
6.2. Advanced Battery Technologies (ABAT) China
6.3. Altair Nanotechnologies (Altairnano) USA
6.4. Automotive Energy Supply Japan, NEC, Nissan
6.5. Axeon UK
6.6. BASF Germany and Sion Power USA
6.6.1. BASF licenses Argonne Lab's cathode material
6.7. Blue Energy, Lithium Energy Japan – GS Yuasa Japan with Honda, Mitsubishi
6.8. Bollor France and Pininfarina
6.9. BYD China with Volkswagen etc
6.9.1. Volkswagen
6.9.2. Car superlatives
6.9.3. Plans for the USA
6.10. China BAK in China
6.11. Coda Battery Systems, Lio Energy Systems, Yardney USA, Tianjin Lishen China
6.12. Continental Germany and ENAX Japan
6.13. East Penn Manufacturing Corporation
6.14. Electrovaya Canada
6.15. EnerDel USA and Nissan
6.15.1. US DOE grant
6.15.2. Impressive production facility
6.15.3. Fireproof lithium
6.15.4. Link with Nissan
6.16. Enerize USA and Fife Batteries UK
6.17. Envia Systems USA
6.18. Evonik Industries Germany and Daimler
6.19. Furukawa Battery Japan
6.20. Hitachi Japan
6.21. IBM and National laboratories USA
6.22. Inci Holding Turkey
6.23. KD Advanced Battery Group Dow USA Kokam Korea
6.24. LG Chem Korea with Compact Power, GM etc
6.24.1. US DOE grant
6.25. LiFeBATT Taiwan
6.26. Lithium Technology Corporation/GAIA USA
6.27. MAGNA STEYR AG & Co KG
6.28. Mitsubishi Japan with Sumitomo Japan
6.29. Next Alternative Germany, Micro Bubble Technology Korea
6.30. Panasonic EV Energy, Sanyo Japan with Toyota, Volkswagen
6.30.1. 112 billion dollar merger
6.30.2. Panasonic EV Energy
6.30.3. Toyota demand
6.30.4. NiMH leadership, potential lithium leadership
6.31. Planar Energy Devices
6.32. PolyPlus Battery USA
6.33. PowerGenix USA
6.34. ReVolt Technologies Ltd Switzerland
6.35. Saft France, Johnson Controls USA, with Ford, BMW, Daimler
6.35.1. Saft
6.35.2. Johnson Controls
6.35.3. Joint venture
6.36. Sakti3 USA and General Motors
6.37. SB LiMotive Co. Ltd – Samsung Korea with Bosch Germany
6.38. Sony Japan
6.39. Superlattice Power USA
6.40. Toshiba Japan
6.41. Valence Technologies USA
7. MARKET FORECASTS FOR HYBRID AND PURE ELECTRIC CARS 2009-2019
7.1. Car production
7.2. Cars and crude oil
7.2.1. Technical progress
7.3. Hybrid cars
7.3.1. History of hybrid car sales
7.4. Forecasts 2009-2019
7.5. Pure EVs
7.5.1. Total market
7.5.2. Will sales of pure electric cars overtake hybrids?
7.5.3. Market excluding golf cars
7.5.4. Golf cars
7.5.5. Fuel cell EVs
8. MARKET FORECASTS FOR TRACTION BATTERIES FOR CARS
8.1. Overview car traction battery market 2010-2020
8.2. Replacement car traction battery market 2010-2020
8.3. Total car traction battery market 2010-2020
8.4. Historical background statistics
8.5. NEV market
8.6. Technology trends
8.6.1. Nickel metal hydride vs lithium
8.6.2. Nanobattery trends
8.7. Car traction battery performance 2009-2020
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 2: INTRODUCTION TO BATTERIES
APPENDIX 3: INTRODUCTION TO SUPERCAPACITORS
APPENDIX 4: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Projection of electric car battery packs (based on one per vehicle) number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded
1.2. IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery pack sales in $ billion 2010-2020
1.3. Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars in units, ex factory price and value 2010-2020
1.4. Replacement market for car traction battery packs in value $ million 2010-2020
1.5. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries.
1.6. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020
1.7. Links between Japanese and Korean car manufacturers and lithium traction battery manufacturers in 2010
1.8. Links between European car manufacturers and lithium traction battery manufacturers in 2010
1.9. Links between US and other car manufacturers and lithium traction battery manufacturers.
2.1. Prius NiMH traction battery evolution
2.2. Applicants to accelerate the manufacturing and deployment of the next generation of US batteries and electric vehicles
3.1. Properties of metals used in metal air batteries
3.2. Examples of energy density figures for batteries, supercapacitors and other energy sources
3.3. Comparison of lead acid and lithium traction batteries in cars
3.4. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries.
4.1. Typical lithium iron phosphate traction battery
6.1. GS Yuasa Corporation consolidated financial highlights (in billions of yen unless specified)
6.2. BYD financials
7.1. Crude oil prices 2003-2008 $/barrel
7.2. Global oil reserves, production and life
7.3. Global sales of EV cars, including hybrids, pure EVs (including golf cars), total in thousands of units and ones that can be plugged in 2009-2019
7.4. Global sales of EV cars, hybrids, pure EVs and total in value ex-factory $ billion 2009-2019
7.5. Toyota Prius Sales by region 1997-2008 in thousands of units
7.6. Prius US sales in units 2000-2008
7.7. Estimates for historical global hybrid car sales in units by territory with % of whole.
7.8. Prius US sales in number and percent of US hybrid market
7.9. IDTechEx projection for global hybrid car sales by territory 2009-2019 in units and %.
7.10. Number sold by market leader Toyota of all hybrids globally, market share and market drivers
7.11. IDTechEx projection for global hybrid car sales 2009-2019 in units , ex works price and total value.
7.12. IDTechEx projections for global hybrid car sales units as % of total car sales 2009-2025
7.13. Approximate number of hybrid models actual and planned by year 2000 to 2013
7.14. Global pure EV car sales 2009-2019 in thousands of units
7.15. Global pure electric car sales 2009-2019 excluding golf cars and cumulative number of new models
7.16. Global pure EV golf car sales 2009-2019
7.17. Fuel cell EVs compared with battery pure EVs and ICE hybrids
8.1. Market forecasts for traction batteries for new cars in units, ex factory price and value 2010-2020 and dominant technology
8.2. Replacement market for car traction batteries in value $ million 2010-2020
8.3. IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery sales in $ billion 2009-2020
8.4. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle lithium traction battery packs 2009-2020
FIGURES
1.1. Projection of electric car battery packs number thousands, 2011-2021, rounded
1.2. Projection of electric car battery packs ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars, 2011-2021, rounded
1.3. Projection of electric car battery packs total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded
1.4. IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery pack sales in $ billion 2010-2020
1.5. Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars in units 2010-2020
1.6. Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars ex factory price 2010-2020
1.7. Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars value 2010-2020
1.8. Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs.
1.9. Replacement market for car traction battery packs in value $ million 2010-2020
1.10. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies.
1.11. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
1.12. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
1.13. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles.
2.1. Series parallel hybrid by Pieper of Belgium in 1899 – principle of today's best selling hybrid the Toyota Prius
2.2. Toyota Prius NiMH traction battery
2.3. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Battery
2.4. Changfeng CS7
2.5. Zhong Tai pure electric car by New Power of China
2.6. The BYD E6 pure electric car
2.7. Tesla Motors Roadster pure electric performance car
2.8. Tesla battery pack with coolant tubes at bottom.
2.9. The Lighting pure electric sports car
2.10. Subaru Stella pure electric vehicle
2.11. The planned Nissan Leaf pure electric car
2.12. Nissan leaf lithium traction batteries
2.13. Nissan Leaf charging points
2.14. Nissan Leaf dashboard
2.15. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies
2.16. Frazer Nash Namir
2.17. Battery specification based on end of life
2.18. Car traction battery operating requirements compared
2.19. Example of a proposed SAE J1772 charging interface for cars
2.20. Toyota Prius being charged
2.21. Chevrolet Volt
2.22. Electric Smart car
2.23. Bee's Bee. One four-seater compact car with fast change battery
3.1. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles.
3.2. Energy density vs power density for storage devices
3.3. ReVolt comparison of battery parameters with zinc air
3.4. Properties of various lithium technologies for traction batteries compared to zinc air
3.5. LiFeBATT 40138 Cell
3.6. Traction battery nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
4.1. Future improvement in power and energy density
4.2. Subaru lithium ion manganese battery
4.3. Mitsubishi lithium-ion batteries for cars
4.4. In wheel system of Mitsubishi
4.5. Improved lithium phosphate cathode material in a Petri dish
4.6. Lithium air batteries
4.7. Li-S Cell Configuration
4.8. Ragone plots for different rechargeable systems
4.9. Active Materials Transformation Diagram
4.10. Prototype lithium sulfur battery by Sion Power
5.1. A typical gasoline fire
5.2. Laptop fires caused by lithium cobalt batteries
5.3. Gasoline powered car after an explosion
6.1. Geographical distribution of 50 profiled on-road car traction battery and technology suppliers and aspiring suppliers excluding companies that are primarily car manufacturers
6.2. Chevrolet Volt lithium-ion battery
6.3. Chrysler electric minivan
6.4. Altairnano view of some of the primary performance advantages of its lithium traction batteries
6.5. Pininfarina Bollor B0 electric car powered by Bollor lithium polymer batteries
6.6. LEV electric car by Qingyuan Motors
6.7. Continental lithium ion traction battery
6.8. Safety testing of Continental lithium ion traction batteries.
6.9. East Penn lead acid battery for golf cars
6.10. Hummer H3 ReEV Lithium Ion SuperPolymer battery pack made by Electrovaya.
6.11. Enerdel traction battery
6.12. Furukawa Cycle-service storage battery for Golf Cars
6.13. 25Ah lithium-ion battery cell for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
6.14. Smith electric vehicle
6.15. LiFeBatt manufacture
6.16. Figure Magna Steyr traction battery pack capability
6.17. Magna Steyr energy battery for pure electric and plug in hybrid cars
6.18. Magna Steyr power battery for hybrid cars
6.19. Toshiba e-bike battery
7.1. Global bicycle and car production millions
7.2. US oil production and imports
7.3. Global sales of EV cars, hybrids, pure EVs and total in numbers 2009-2019
7.4. Global sales of EV cars, hybrids, pure EVs and total in value ex-factory $ billion 2009-2019
7.5. Toyota Prius Sales by region 1997-2008 in thousands of units
7.6. US hybrid sales by month showing sharp drop in 2008 and early 2009
7.7. Estimates for historical global hybrid car sales in units by territory with % of whole
7.8. Prius US sales in number and percent of US hybrid market
7.9. Hybrid vehicle sales by manufacturer 2000-2006
7.10. Reported hybrid vehicle sales in the USA as a percentage of total new light vehicle sales in March 2009
7.11. Global hybrid vehicle market by country % 2007
7.12. Hybrid vehicle purchases by state in the USA in units 2007
7.13. US hybrid vehicle sales by manufacturer % 2007
7.14. Hybrid vehicle sales by model
7.15. 2006 forecast of total car sales by region 2006/2011 and 2016 in millions of units
7.16. IDTechEx projection for global hybrid car sales by territory 2009-2019 in units and %.
7.17. Number sold by market leader Toyota of all hybrids globally and market drivers
7.18. IDTechEx projections for global hybrid car sales units as % of total car sales
7.19. Total sales and hybrids
7.20. Global pure electric car sales 2009-2019 excluding golf cars and cumulative number of new models since 2000
7.21. Global pure EV golf car sales 2009-2019
8.1. Market forecasts for traction batteries for new cars in units 2010-2020
8.2. Market forecasts for traction batteries for new cars ex factory price 2010-2020
8.3. Market forecasts for traction batteries for new cars value 2010-2020
8.4. Replacement market for car traction batteries in value $ million 2010-2020
8.5. IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery sales in $ billion 2010-2020
8.6. HEV battery sales by type 2000-2006
8.7. Rechargeable battery sales by type 1972-2010
8.8. Nanobattery trends including large format for hybrid vehicles
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
Electric Vehicles in East Asia 2011-2021
Electric Vehicles in East Asia 2011-2021
Single User License
$3995
The largest market and production location for electric vehicles
56% of the value of sales of electric vehicles is and will remain in East Asia and cars only account for about half of the value of the electric vehicle business worldwide. It is therefore important to look at the big picture and, in particular, the latest ten year forecasts for EV activity in East Asia. Uniquely this report provides that information. Entirely researched in 2010 and regularly updated, the report draws many valuable conclusions including some that are summarised below.
China buys over 90% of the e-bikes in the world and Japan buys the most hybrid cars. Indeed the best selling electric car in the world, the Toyota Prius, sells in Japan at twice the volume taken by the whole of the USA. All this will have changed by 2021 because China will have installed adequate charging infrastructure for pure electric and plug in hybrid cars by then and they will be more affordable. In 2021, sales of electric cars in China will have a much larger market value than the huge and growing sales of e-bikes in China. It is fortunate that the takeoff in sales of electric cars is delayed in China by lack of infrastructure and shortage of affordable electric cars with acceptable range. If Chinese people purchased a large number of plug in electric cars over the next five years it would significantly increase global warming because today, most of the power stations in China are inefficient and coal fired.
Forecasts of EV numbers, unit value and total market value 2011-2021 by vehicle type (Heavy Industrial, Light Industrial/ Commercial, Two Wheel, Mobility for Disabled, Golf Car, Car, Military, Marine, Other)
Forecasts of EV numbers and total market value 2011-2021 by country in East Asia
Detailed analysis of work in China, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand.
This report is for those anywhere in the EV value chain including component suppliers. It is essential reading for those in allied activity such as government regulation and support, investment and research. Even those not wishing to participate in the East Asian market will value this report because it assesses current best practice, strategy and future competition.
This essential report is full of analysis presented in tables and figures for easy assimilation. Which East Asian countries lead in which types of vehicle? Which East Asian countries file the most EV patents? How are the governments involved and what are the reasons for success and failure? Which are the most promising suppliers and what is their global strategy? Which technologies are winning? What is the scope to expand component supplies and vehicle manufacture into EVs for land, sea and air? It is all here, with a useful glossary for those unfamiliar with the jargon. This is the only up to date reference book on the largest market and production location for electric vehicles – East Asia. It comes with one hour of free consultancy to fill in any extra information you may require.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Shrewd participants look beyond cars
1.2. Global reach and innovation
1.3. Forecasts
1.4. Regional market trends across the world
1.5. Regional differences within East Asia
1.6. Value of EV market by country in East Asia
1.7. East Asian market by country
1.8. Important market factors by country
1.9. Numbers of manufacturers
1.10. Profits
1.11. Intellectual property in East Asia
1.12. East Asia strengths in manufacture
2. CHINA
2.1. Introduction
2.1.1. Huge percentage of global manufacturers
2.1.2. Formidable advantages of EV manufacture in China
2.1.3. Very little charging infrastructure
2.1.4. Exhibitions giving the big picture
2.2. Heavy industrial
2.3. Light industrial, commercial
2.4. Two wheel
2.5. Mobility for disabled
2.6. Golf cars
2.7. Cars
2.7.1. Car market and grants for electric cars
2.7.2. Brilliance, Chengfeng and others
2.7.3. BYD Auto
2.7.4. Geely
2.7.5. Hafei Seibao
2.7.6. Lifan Group
2.8. Military, marine, other
2.8.1. Yuneec electric aircraft
2.8.2. Electric boats
2.8.3. Remotely operated underwater vehicles ROUVs and AUVs
3. INDIA
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Heavy industrial
3.3. Light industrial, commercial
3.3.1. Bengal Enamel
3.3.2. IC Bus, Tata, Volvo, Ashok Leyland
3.4. Two wheel and rickshaw
3.4.1. Bajaj Auto
3.4.2. Eco vehicles
3.4.3. Hero Electric
3.4.4. Ace Motors, Electrotherm, Elektrik Vehicles
3.4.5. Electric rickshaws – RUZU
3.5. Mobility vehicles for the disabled
3.6. Cars
3.6.1. Bavina Cars India
3.6.2. Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles
3.6.3. Tata Motors
3.7. Military, marine, other
4. JAPAN
4.1. Heavy Industrial
4.1.1. Strong local demand
4.1.2. Komatsu
4.1.3. Nissan
4.1.4. Mitsubishi
4.1.5. Toyota
4.2. Light industrial, commercial
4.2.1. Hino Motors
4.2.2. Inutsuka
4.2.3. Isuzu
4.2.4. Nissan
4.2.5. Yamaha
4.3. Mobility for disabled
4.4. Two wheel
4.4.2. Honda
4.4.3. Suzuki
4.4.4. Yamaha
4.5. Golf cars
4.5.1. Yamaha
4.6. Cars
4.6.2. Toyota
4.6.3. Mitsubishi
4.6.4. Nissan
4.6.5. Bamboo car Megura
4.7. Military, marine, aircraft, other
4.7.1. Home robots
4.7.2. Long range AUV
4.7.3. Space probe IKAROS
5. SINGAPORE
5.1. Cars
5.1.1. Supporting infrastructure
5.1.2. CODA
5.2. Military
6. SOUTH KOREA
6.1. Introduction
6.1.1. Turmoil of ownership
6.1.2. Kia Motors and Daiwoo Motors change hands
6.1.3. Samsung Motors fails
6.1.4. Hyundai and Kia in the lead
6.1.5. US thrust
6.1.6. New direction in 2010-11
6.1.7. Initial focus on using NEVs in Korea
6.1.8. Mainstream pure EV cars in 2011
6.1.9. Many hybrids
6.1.10. World leader in second generation lithium traction batteries
6.1.11. Unconventional vehicle designs – Pneumatic HEV, OLEV
6.2. Heavy industrial
6.2.1. Daewoo Doosan
6.3. Light industrial and commercial
6.3.1. Hyundai
6.3.2. Ground Support Equipment
6.3.3. CT&T
6.4. Two wheelers
6.5. Mobility aids for the disabled
6.6. Golf cars
6.7. Cars
6.7.1. CT&T
6.7.2. GM Daewoo
6.7.3. Hyundai
6.7.4. Kia Motors
6.7.5. Leo Motors
6.7.6. Proto Motors
6.7.7. Samyang
6.8. Military, Marine, Aircraft and other EVs
7. TAIWAN
7.1. Two wheel
7.2. Mobility for disabled
7.3. Cars
7.3.1. Yulong Motor, Luxgen
7.4. Traction batteries and motors
7.5. Targeting USA
7.6. Targeting India
8. THAILAND
9. MARKET FORECASTS 2011-2021
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector.
1.2. Chinese cities restricting electric bikes
1.3. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
1.4. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
1.5. The main market drivers are as follows
1.6. The percentage value share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2011-2021
1.7. The East Asia EV market value by country in billions of dollars 2011-2021
1.8. Percentage numbers share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2011-2021
1.9. Market for electric vehicles by number thousands by country in East Asia 2011-2021 rounded
1.10. Important EV market factors in China, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan in 2011 and 2021
1.11. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2010 by application with numbers for China.
2.1. 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry
2.2. Specifications of some two wheel electric vehicles made in China
2.3. Six golf car manufacturers in China
4.1. Japanese heavy industrial vehicle manufacturers.
4.2. Six examples of Japanese manufacturers of mobility aids for the disabled
4.3. Ten examples of Japanese manufacturers of electric two wheel vehicles
9.1. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector.
9.2. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
9.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
9.4. Main market drivers
9.5. The percentage share by country of the East Asia market by value in billions of dollars
9.6. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2010 by application with numbers for China.
9.7. Toyota Prius Sales by region 1997-2008 in thousands of units
9.8. Number sold by market leader Toyota of all hybrids globally, market share and market drivers
FIGURES
1.1. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector.
1.2. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
1.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
1.4. The percentage value share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2011
1.5. The percentage value share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2021
1.6. The East Asia EV market value by country in billions of dollars 2011-2021
1.7. Percentage numbers share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2011
1.8. Percentage numbers share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2021
1.9. Market for electric vehicles by number thousands by country in East Asia 2011-2021 rounded
2.1. Number electric vehicle manufacturers in China by sector
2.2. One of the few EV charging stations in China
2.3. Electric forklift from Zheijang Goodsense Forklift
2.4. Kent electric city bus from China
2.5. Hino Blue Ribbon hybrid diesel electric bus in China
2.6. Electric bus in China
2.7. Bus by Tongkun New Energy Technologies Co. and FAW Bus and Coach Co
2.8. Electric pick up truck from China Vehicles Company
2.9. Garbage collecting electric car by Shandong Shunxing Machinery
2.10. Interchina Industry Group EEC scooter
2.11. e-bikes parked in Yangzhou China
2.12. Interchina Industry Group electric car for the disabled
2.13. Zhejiang R&P Industry pure electric vehicle for the disabled.
2.14. Tonaro golf and general purpose vehicle from China
2.15. Suzhou Eagle two and four seat golf cars from China
2.16. Yongkang Fourstar golf vehicles from China
2.17. Shadong Wuzheng golf cars from China
2.18. Jinhua Ryder golf car from China
2.19. Chinese pure electric microcars from China Fast Vehicle, China Peace Group, China Vehicles Company, CME Suzhou, EMAX Motorcycle, Guangzhou EMotor Tech, Yangcheng Spring Trading, Zhangjiagang Alhadid Electric Vehicle, Zheijiang Pin
2.20. Brilliance electric car with sliding doors
2.21. Chengfeng electric car
2.22. The BYD E6 pure EV car
2.23. BYD e6 car in use as a taxi.
2.24. BYD Auto F3DM hybrid car
2.25. Geely IG Hybrid Car
2.26. Lifan SUV
2.27. Yuneec e430 electric aircraft
2.28. Sunwat China Industry Ltd electric boat powered by 500W motor driven by two 196Ah 12V lead acid batteries
3.1. Tara pure electric Shuttle
3.2. Tara Tiny
3.3. Tata hybrid bus in 2010
3.4. HYBUS hybrid bus by Ashok Leyland
3.5. MotoCzysz electric motorcycle
3.6. Shrike
3.7. Hero Ultra electric scooter
3.8. Hero Esprint electric scooter
3.9. Hero e-bike
3.10. Electrotherm electric YO Bike
3.11. E-bike by Elektrik Vehicles Mumbai
3.12. Solar powered electric rickshaw
3.13. MASS electric wheelchair
3.14. Mahindra Reva ceremony
3.15. REVA pure electric car
3.16. Mahindra hybrid Scorpio “Pik Up”
3.17. Mahindra MaXXimo
3.18. Electric Tata Nano
3.19. The Bladon Jets microturbine range extender is the size of two cans of beans
3.20. Indian AUV-150
4.1. Komatsu electric forklift
4.2. Nissan compact li-ion battery forklift
4.3. Mitsubishi hybrid outdoor forklift
4.4. Toyota Material Handling has launched the new Traigo 48 in 2010, a powerful electric forklift fitted into a compact and agile package.
4.5. Hino hybrid bus
4.6. Hino “no plug in” bus.
4.7. Isuzu hybrid bus
4.8. Tamaha Medicar
4.9. Mobility scooter in use in Tokyo
4.10. Honda has been a great innovator with two wheeled vehicles. The Honda EV Cub scooter has a lithium-ion battery for example. Honda EV Cub sports twin, front and rear electric drive motors.
4.11. Suzuki Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter powered by Intelligent Energy
4.12. Yamaha EC-f and EC-fs concept electric scooters
4.13. Yamaha EC03
4.14. Yamaha golf car
4.15. Tokyo Taxis battery swapping facility
4.16. Some of the Japanese hybrid and pure electric cars 2007-2012
4.17. Planned Toyota pure electric city car.
4.18. Mitsubishi i-MiEV
4.19. Mitsubishi MiEV pure EV car
4.20. In wheel system of Mitsubishi
4.21. Nissan Leaf
4.22. Nissan Leaf instruments
4.23. GE scientist Matt Nielsen in the Smart Grid
4.24. Megura electric car
4.25. Sanyo home robot
4.26. URASHIMA
4.27. URASHIMA mission profile
4.28. Specification for JAMSTEC long range AUV
4.29. IKAROS
5.1. Bronco
6.1. The e-Zone Low Speed Electric Vehicle
6.2. Charging station in Korea
6.3. Mitsubishi Fuso hybrid truck that uses the South Korean SK Energy lithium-ion battery
6.4. OLEV car
6.5. Daewoo Doosan electric forklifts
6.6. Electric Forklift Truck SBR-16
6.7. Hyundai hybrid bus
6.8. Scooter made in South Korea by Ecocar
6.9. Xero scooter
6.10. Mobility scooter for disabled made in Korea
6.11. CT&T pure electric car
6.12. Interior of CT&T pure electric car
6.13. T3 Motion car
6.14. CT&T Personal Stand Up Vehicle
6.15. 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid
6.16. Hyundai Elantra Hybrid
6.17. Blue-Will Plug-in Hybrid Concept
6.18. Kia Forte LPI hybrid electric vehicle
6.19. Forte LPG hybrid
6.20. Kia Ray plug in hybrid concept car
6.21. E-Princesa electric taxis
6.22. Kongsberg HUGIN swimmer AUV on Republic of Korea Navy ship
6.23. Kongsberg’s Hugin 1000 portable AUV
6.24. Robot wedding in Korea
7.1. Mobility scooters made in Taiwan
7.2. Tobe M’car. (CNA)
7.3. Luxgen electric car
8.1. Clean Fuel Energy Enterprise Co., Ltd. cars and buses
8.2. Electric Boats Thailand advertisement
9.1. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector.
9.2. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
9.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
9.4. The percentage value share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2011
9.5. The percentage value share by country of the East Asian electric vehicle market 2021
9.6. Geographical distribution of 120 companies making or intending to make electric cars
9.7. Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles in China by application in 2010
9.8. Rough count of new models of hybrid car from 2009-2013
9.9. The dominant countries launching hybrid models from 2009-2013
9.10. Toyota Prius Sales by region 1997-2008 in thousands of units
9.11. Number sold by market leader Toyota of all hybrids globally
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities