RFID in Russia, CIS, Baltic States 2012-2022
RFID in Russia, CIS, Baltic States 2012-2022
RFID in Russia, CIS, Baltic States
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This report analyses RFID supply and use in Russia and 15 surrounding countries. These countries have total population comparable to that of Russia but little more than one third of Russia’s Gross Domestic product GDP in total and RFID use and potential in total. They are the Baltic States, CIS and, because of its RFID potential, Bulgaria ie Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. Since Russia has larger present and future demand than all the others put together and, unlike the other countries, it is a world leader in some aspects and seeking to be a world leader in others, we look particularly closely at it, including providing ten year forecasts by application and detailed comparison of its present and future RFID applications with the global situation and global forecasts from IDTechEx. For example, Russia is already global leader in use of RFID ticketing and seeks to become leader in postal RFID use.
Overall, our research has involved interviews, recent conference presentations, web searches and examination of the world’s largest searchable database of RFID projects, the IDTechEx RFID Knowledgebase which is updated continuously and currently covers 4,390 case studies involving 123 countries, 4435 organisations and 770 associated slideshows and audio recordings.
All the territories covered in this report have RFID projects but the only type common to all of them is RFID passports. Several activities involve RFID devices monitored and passing between many of these countries – notably passports, RFID monitoring of the post for performance and transfer of funds, intermodal container security and tracking and the NATO supply lines to Afghanistan. This report contains the only up to date, detailed analysis of the supply, use and potential of RFID in Russia and 15 surrounding states. It identifies the four most important applicational categories and gives detailed analysis of the global and particularly Russian trends. Since governments are behind most of the success in RFID with laws and financing from passports to livestock tagging and military uses, making RFID largely recession proof, what are they planning in this region? How do the populations and GDP compare and what does that mean for RFID including the new applications in the natural resources sector? Which suppliers are most successful now and which are most impressive for the future in staffing, financing and product plans? Will imports be replaced with local supply? What are the favoured applications, hardware and service suppliers, frequencies, tag shapes and positions and other aspects in Russia, Moldova and so on? What will they be in future? To what specifications? Why is apparel tagging a leading subsector? How does Passenger Transport & Automotive compare with Land & Sea Logistics, Postal or other sectors such as Leisure, Sports? It is all here. For the largest market in the region – Russia – the tag shapes, frequencies, positions, applications, read vs read write, active vs passive and project status are compared with the same graphs for the projects in the world as a whole. This is facts-based RFID analysis, where IDTechEx is the acknowledged world leader. For Russia, new ten year forecasts are revealed by units, unit value and market value for tags for 20 applicational sectors and active vs passive. Value for RFID systems in Russia is also forecasted and an estimate is made for the total market value over the coming decade in the other regions surveyed, taken as a whole.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Telecommunications
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Sources of information
1.2. Importance of Russia
1.3. Leading indicators of RFID success
1.4. Common interests
1.5. Distribution of projects by country and application
1.6. Leaders and laggards
1.7. The most important applications and formats for this region
1.8. Ten year forecasts and trends
2. INTRODUCTION
3. RFID PROJECTS
3.1. Many countries
3.1.1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO), supply chain/ assets, pallet/ case, items, Worldwide
3.2. Armenia
3.2.1. Passports, Armenia
3.3. Azerbaijan
3.3.1. Mastercard, Azerbaijan
3.3.2. Passports, Azerbaijan
3.4. Belarus
3.4.1. Passports-Belarus
3.5. Bulgaria
3.5.1. Bulgaria passport
3.5.2. Chelopech Mine people Bulgaria
3.5.3. Staff SA apparel Bulgaria, Romania, China and Greece
3.6. Estonia
3.6.1. Eesti Post, letter delivery monitoring item level, Estonia
3.6.2. Estonia Ministry of Defense, fingerprint ID, Estonia
3.6.3. K-rauta people Estonia
3.6.4. Passports, Estonia
3.7. Georgia
3.7.1. Passports-Georgia
3.8. Kazakhstan
3.8.1. Conference security passes Kazakhstan
3.8.2. General Prosecutor’s office assets Kazakhstan
3.8.3. Passports-Kazakhstan
3.8.4. Truck cargo seals Kazakhstan
3.9. Kyrgyzstan
3.9.1. Hotel Resort Caprice, guests Kyrgyzstan
3.9.2. Passports Kyrgyzstan
3.10. Latvia
3.10.1. Latvijas Pasts, letter delivery monitoring, item level, Latvia
3.10.2. Passports, Latvia
3.10.3. Riga Marathon, people, Latvia
3.11. Lithuania
3.11.1. Artilux NMF, pallets, Lithuania
3.11.2. Lietuvos Pastas, letter delivery monitoring item level, Lithuania
3.11.3. Passport card Lithuania
3.11.4. SC Freda furniture Lithuania
3.11.5. Truck Cargo seals Lithuania
3.11.6. Vilnius University Library assets Lithuania
3.12. Moldova
3.12.1. Passports, Moldova
3.13. Russia
3.13.1. Aeroexpress tickets Russia
3.13.2. Afghanistan logistics route assets Russia
3.13.3. Demonstration Railcar Russia
3.13.4. Eren Holding apparel Russia
3.13.5. Forestry Russia
3.13.6. Future Shop Russia
3.13.7. K-rauta people Russia
3.13.8. Lada immobiliser Russia
3.13.9. Lukoil NFC payment Perm Russia
3.13.10. Mad Max Sportswear Russia
3.13.11. Megafon mobile phones Russia
3.13.12. Moscow Airport Shuttle Service mobile phones Russia
3.13.13. Moscow ski passes cards Russia
3.13.14. Moscow transport card Russia
3.13.15. Moskovskaya Sotovaya Svyaz mobile phones Russia
3.13.16. MTS mobile phones Russia
3.13.17. NFC Posters labels Moscow
3.13.18. Novosibirsk card Russia
3.13.19. NP Collection apparel Russia
3.13.20. Passports, Russia
3.13.21. Railways Russia
3.13.22. Russia Post postal items Russia
3.13.23. Russian Government ID card Russia
3.13.24. Siberian State Medical University assets Russia
3.13.25. Ski Passes Caucusas cards Russia
3.13.26. Ski passes Elborus cards Russia
3.13.27. Sochi cards Russia
3.13.28. St Petersburg card Russia
3.13.29. St Petersburg Metro NFC Russia
3.13.30. SUE Moscow Social Register tickets Russia
3.13.31. Twenty libraries, books Russia
3.13.32. VimpelCom mobile phones Russia
3.13.33. X5 Retail Group consumer goods Russia
3.14. Tajikstan
3.14.1. Passport, Tajikstan
3.15. Turkmenistan
3.15.1. Passports, Turkmenistan
3.16. Ukraine
3.16.1. Passports-Ukraine
3.17. Uzbekistan
3.17.1. Passports, Uzbekistan
4. RFID SUPPLIERS IN RUSSIA
4.1. CJSC ERFID
4.2. IBM/ Complex Medical Information Systems
4.3. Plastic Logic
4.4. RFIDEXPERT
4.5. R-ID
4.6. RST Invent
4.7. RTL-Service
4.8. RUSNANO-Galileo
4.9. Sitronics and Mikron
4.10. SP Print
4.11. Systematica
4.12. Tendo
5. MARKET STATISTICS AND FORECASTS
5.1. RFID in Europe, Middle East and Africa EMEA
5.2. Ten year forecasts and trends
APPENDIX 1: GLOBAL MARKETS, FORECASTS, MARKET DRIVERS AND SUPPLIERS FOR APPAREL RFID
APPENDIX 2: RFID SOLUTION PROVIDERS
APPENDIX 3: EPCGLOBAL AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS
APPENDIX 4: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 5: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Distribution of applications in our case studies
1.2. Characteristics of the main applicational sub markets over the coming decade
1.3. Passive tag market in Russia 2012-2022 in millions
1.4. Ex-factory price of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in US cents
1.5. Market value of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
1.6. Total market for RFID tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions units
1.7. Total market for RFID tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
1.8. Total value of the market for RFID tags and systems in Russia in millions of US dollars 2012-2022
2.1. Population of countries covered in this report as estimated in July 2011
2.2. GDP in 2010 of countries covered in this report.
2.3. Characteristics of the main applicational sub markets
5.1. Passive tag market in Russia 2012-2022 in millions
5.2. Ex-factory price of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in US cents
5.3. Market value of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
5.4. Total market for RFID tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions units
5.5. Total market for RFID tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
5.6. Total value of the market for RFID tags and systems in Russia in millions of US dollars 2012-2022
FIGURES
1.1. Passive tag market in Russia 2012-2022 in millions
1.2. Ex-factory price of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in US cents
1.3. Market value of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
1.4. Total market for RFID tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions units
1.5. Total market for RFID tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
1.6. Total value of the market for RFID tags and systems in Russia in millions of US dollars 2012-2022
1.7. Top Ten Countries by number of case studies in the IDTechEx RFID Knowledgebase
1.8. Number of case studies by tag location – worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
1.9. Number of case studies by project status – worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
1.10. Number of case studies active vs passive – worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
1.11. Number of case studies by frequency – worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
1.12. Number of case studies read-only vs read/write- worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
1.13. Number of case studies by applications- worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
1.14. Number of case studies by tag shape- worldwide (left) and Russia only (right)
2.1. Forecast of Russian GDP
2.2. Catalyst of innovation in Russia
2.3. Some significant potential RFID projects in Russia
2.4. Examples of Russian leadership in RFID
3.1. Armenia passport with symbol for RFID version
3.2. Azerbaijan passport
3.3. Belarus RFID passport
3.4. Bulgarian RFID passport
3.5. European Union RFID passport used in Estonia
3.6. Gemalto passport tag
3.7. Georgia RFID passport
3.8. Kazakhstan RFID passport
3.9. The earlier non-RFID Kyrgyzstan passport
3.10. Latvia RFID passport
3.11. Lithuania RFID passport
3.12. Information page of Lithuanian RFID passport
3.13. Moldova RFID passport
3.14. First implementation in October 2011
3.15. Project “Future Shop”
3.16. Both sides of the Moscow transport card
3.17. Sitronics NFC labels front and reverse
3.18. Both sides of the Novosibirsk transport card
3.19. Gemalto, the world’s largest supplier of RFID labels into passports
3.20. Russian RFID passport
3.21. St Petersburg card
3.22. Tajikstan passport before RFID
3.23. Turkmenistan RFID passport
3.24. Ukraine RFID passport
3.25. Uzbekistan passport
4.1. Plastic Logic flexible E-Ink electrophoretic display with printed organic transistor backplane
4.2. RST-Invent visitor guide
4.3. Tablet computer with embedded RFID tags
4.4. JSC Mikron – cycle of production
4.5. Sitronics Microelectronic Solutions HF RFID inlay as used in RFID cards and tickets and similar to its library tag
4.6. Sitronics UHF RFID inlay similar to the popular Alien technology squiggle tag in the USA that is widely used for pallets, cases and large items
5.1. Passive tag market in Russia 2012-2022 in millions
5.2. Ex-factory price of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in US cents
5.3. Market value of passive tags in Russia 2012-2022 in millions of US dollars
Range Extenders for Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Range Extenders for Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Range Extenders for Electric Vehicles
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We are in the decade of the hybrid electric vehicle despite the fact that most off road and underwater vehicles are pure electric. That includes most forklifts, golf cars and mobility vehicles for the disabled plus Autonomous Underwater Vehicles AUVs and personal submarines. Indeed, most electric aircraft are pure electric as well. The reason is that these are mainly small as are electric two wheelers which are almost all pure electric as well. Small vehicles rarely need to travel long distances. In addition, these pure electric vehicles are often used where a conventional engine is banned as on lakes and indoors or where it is impracticable as with underwater vehicles. By contrast, half the electric vehicle market value lies in larger road vehicles, notably cars, and here the legal restrictions are weaker or non-existent and range anxiety compels most people to buy hybrids if they go electric at all.
About eight million hybrid cars will be made in 2022, each with a range extender, the additional power source that distinguishes them from pure electric cars. Add to that significant money spent on the same devices in buses, military vehicles, boats and so on and a major new market emerges. This unique report is about range extenders for all these purposes – their evolving technology and market size. This new report profiles all key developers, manufactures and integrators of range extenders for land, water and airborne electric vehicles. It gives ten year forecasts of the different types of electric vehicle and of range extenders by number, unit value and market value. Market drivers and the changing requirements for power output are analysed. Will shaftless range extenders with no separate electricity generator take over and when will that be? What fuels will be used and when? What are the pros and cons of each option and who are the leaders? It is all here.
Whereas today’s range extenders usually consist of little more than off the shelf internal combustion engines, these are rapidly being replaced by second generation range extenders consisting of piston engines designed from scratch for fairly constant load in series hybrids. There are some wild cards like Wankel engines and rotary combustion engines or free piston engines both with integral electricity generation. However a more radical departure is the third generation micro turbines and fuel cells that work at constant load. The report compares all these. It forecasts the lower power needed over the years given assistance from fast charging and energy harvesting innovations ahead. Every aspect of the new range extenders is covered.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Range extender market in 2021
1.2. EV Market 2011 and 2021
1.3. Ten year forecast for electric cars, hybrids and their range extenders
1.4. EV sales by type 2012-2022
1.5. Hybrid and pure electric vehicles compared
1.6. Hybrid market drivers
1.7. What will be required of a range extender 2012-2022
1.8. Three generations of range extender
1.9. Why range extenders need lower power over the years
1.10. Energy harvesting – mostly ally not alternative
1.11. Key trends for range extended vehicles
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Types of electric vehicle
2.2. Many fuels
2.3. Born electric
2.4. Pure electric vehicles are improving
2.5. Series vs parallel hybrid
2.6. Modes of operation of hybrids
2.6.1. Plug in hybrids
2.6.2. Charge-depleting mode
2.6.3. Blended mode
2.6.4. Charge-sustaining mode
2.6.5. Mixed mode
2.7. Microhybrid is a misnomer
2.8. Deep hybridisation
2.9. Battery cost and performance are key
2.10. Hybrid price premium
2.11. Progressing the REEV
2.12. What is a range extender?
2.12.1. First generation range extender technology
2.12.2. Second generation range extender technology
2.12.3. Radically new approaches – Httlin range extender
2.12.4. Third generation range extender technology
2.13. Market position of fuel cell range extenders
2.14. Energy harvesting on and in electric vehicles
2.15. Tradeoff of energy storage technologies
2.16. Trend to high voltage
2.17. Component choices for energy density/ power density
2.18. Fuel cells rescued by batteries
2.19. PEM fuel cells
2.20. Trend to distributed components
2.21. Trend to flatness then smart skin
3. ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET OVERVIEW
3.1. The whole picture
3.1.1. Synergies
3.1.2. What is excluded?
3.2. Largest sectors
3.3. Numbers of manufacturers
3.4. Heavy industrial sector
3.5. Buses
3.6. The light industrial and commercial sector
3.7. Two wheel and allied vehicles
3.8. Cars
3.9. Golf
3.10. Military
3.11. Marine
3.12. Other
3.13. Market for EV components
3.14. Timelines
3.15. Watch Japan, China and Korea
3.16. Vacillation by some governments
3.17. Healthy shakeout of the car industry
3.18. Full circle back to pure EVs
3.19. Winning strategies
4. MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR REEVS
4.1. Range extenders for land craft
4.2. Range Extenders for electric aircraft
4.2.1. Military aircraft
4.3. Comparisons
4.4. Fuel cells in aviation
4.5. Civil aircraft
4.6. Potential for electric airliners
4.7. Range extenders for marine craft
5. RANGE EXTENDER DEVELOPERS AND MANUFACTURERS
5.1. Advanced Magnet Laboratory USA
5.2. Aerovironment / Protonex Technology USA
5.3. Austro Engine Austria
5.4. Bladon Jets UK
5.5. Capstone Turbine Corporation USA
5.6. Clarian Laboratories USA
5.7. Compound Rotary Engines UK
5.8. Daimler AG inc Mercedes Benz Germany
5.9. DLR German Aerospace Center Germany
5.10. EcoMotors
5.11. Ener1 USA
5.12. FEV USA
5.13. Flight Design Germany
5.14. Getrag Germany
5.15. GSE USA
5.16. Intelligent Energy UK
5.17. Lotus Engineering UK
5.18. MAHLE Powertrain UK
5.19. Polaris Industries Switzerland
5.20. Powertrain Technologies UK
5.21. Proton Power Systems plc UK/Germany
5.22. Ricardo UK
5.23. Volkswagen Germany
6. RANGE EXTENDER INTEGRATORS
6.1. ACAL Energy UK
6.2. Altria Controls USA
6.3. Ashok Leyland India
6.4. Audi Germany
6.5. AVL Austria
6.6. Azure Dynamics USA
6.7. BAE Systems UK
6.8. BMW Germany
6.9. Boeing Dreamworks USA
6.10. Chrysler USA
6.11. DesignLine New Zealand
6.12. EADS Germany
6.13. ENFICA-FC Italy
6.14. Ford USA
6.15. Frazer-Nash UK
6.16. General Motors including Opel
6.17. Honda Japan
6.18. Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Germany
6.19. Hyundai Korea
6.20. Igor Chak Russia
6.21. Jaguar Land Rover UK
6.22. Lange Aviation Germany
6.23. Langford Performance Engineering Ltd UK
6.24. Marion HSPD USA
6.25. Pipistrel Slovenia
6.26. SAIC China
6.27. Skyspark Italy
6.28. Suzuki Japan
6.29. Tata Motors India
6.30. Toyota Japan
6.31. Turtle Airships Spain
6.32. University of Bristol UK
6.33. Universit de Sherbrooke Canada
6.34. University of Stuttgart Germany
6.35. Vision Motor Corporation USA
6.36. Volvo Sweden/ China
6.37. Yo-Avto Russia
7. MARKET DRIVERS AND FORECASTS
7.1. Market drivers and impediments
7.2. Funding as a market driver
7.3. EV Market 2011 and 2021
7.4. Ten year forecast for electric cars, hybrids and their range extenders
7.5. Three generations of range extender
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
APPENDIX 2: FUEL CELL 2000 SUMMARY OF FUEL CELL BUS TRIALS TO 2010
TABLES
1.1. Probable global market for electric vehicle range extenders in 2022 by power, number and market value for small, medium and large range extenders
1.2. Forecasts of global sales of electric vehicles by numbers thousands 2011-2021
1.3. Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2012-2022
1.4. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
1.5. Some primary hybrid market drivers
1.6. Three generations of range extender with examples of construction, manufacturer and power output
3.1. Main market drivers 2012-2022
3.2. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
3.3. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
3.4. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
3.5. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2010 by application with numbers for China
3.6. Global sales of heavy industrial EVs by numbers, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded
3.7. Global sales of buses, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded
3.8. Global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs excluding buses by numbers thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.9. Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2012-2022, rounded
3.10. Global sales of two wheel and allied EVs number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.11. Global sales of electric cars number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.12. Value of the hybrid, pure electric and total electric car market in billions of dollars 2010-2020
3.13. Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2011-2021
3.14. Global sales of electric golf cars and motorised caddies in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.15. Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.16. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.17. Global sales of other electric vehicles (including civil aircraft and robot) in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
3.18. Components and subsystems fitted in new electric vehicles 2010-2020 in thousands
3.19. Highlights 2010-2020
5.1. Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven
7.1. Primary hybrid market drivers
7.2. Probable global market for electric vehicle range extenders in 2021 by power, number and market value for small, medium and large range extenders
7.3. Forecasts of global sales of electric vehicles by numbers thousands 2011-2021
7.4. Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2012-2022
7.5. Three generations of range extender with examples of construction, manufacturer and power output
FIGURES
1.1. Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2012-2022
1.2. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
1.3. Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vs pure electric vehicles
1.4. Indicative trend of charging and electrical storage for large hybrid vehicles over the next decade.
1.5. Evolution of construction of range extenders over the coming decade
1.6. Examples of range extender technology in the shaft vs no shaft categories
1.7. Illustrations of range extender technologies over the coming decade with “gen” in red for those that have inherent ability to generate electricity
1.8. Trend of size of largest (in red) and smallest (in green) fuel cell sets used in bus trials worldwide over the last twenty years
1.9. Evolution of lower power range extenders for large vehicles
1.10. Three generations of lithium-ion battery
1.11. The most powerful energy harvesting in vehicles
2.1. ThunderVolt hybrid bus
2.2. BAE Systems powertrain in a bus
2.3. Hybrid bus powertrain
2.4. Hybrid car powertrain using CNG
2.5. Mitsubishi hybrid outdoor forklift replacing a conventional ICE vehicle
2.6. Hybrid military vehicle that replaces a conventional ICE version
2.7. Hybrid sports boat replacing a conventional ICE version
2.8. CAF-E hybrid motorcycle design based on a Prius type of drivetrain
2.9. Hybrid tugboat replacing a conventional ICE version to meet new pollution laws and provide stronger pull from stationary
2.10. Some hybrid variants
2.11. Evolution of plug in vs mild hybrids
2.12. Trend to deep hybridisation
2.13. Evolution of hybrid structure
2.14. Three generations of lithium-ion traction battery
2.15. Battery price assisting price of hybrid and pure electric vehicles as a function of power stored.
2.16. Probable future improvement in parameters of lithium-ion batteries for pure electric and hybrid EVs
2.17. Cleaner hybrid bus promotion
2.18. Price premium for hybrid buses
2.19. Main modes of rotational energy harvesting in vehicles
2.20. Main forms of photovoltaic energy harvesting on vehicles
2.21. Maximum power from the most powerful forms of energy harvesting on or in vehicles
2.22. Hybrid bus with range improved by a few percent using solar panels
2.23. Comparison of battery technologies
2.24. Possible trend in battery power storage and voltage of power distribution
2.25. Comparison of energy density of power components for hybrid vehicles
2.26. Trend of size of the largest (in red) and smallest (in green) fuel cell sets used in 98 bus trials worldwide over the last twenty years.
2.27. Evolution of traction batteries and range extenders for large hybrid electric vehicles as they achieve longer all-electric range over the next decade.
2.28. Three generations of lithium-ion battery with technical features that are sometimes problematical
2.29. The principle of the Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells
2.30. Mitsubishi view of hybrid vehicle powertrain evolution
2.31. Flat lithium-ion batteries for a car and, bottom, UAVs
2.32. Supercapacitors that facilitate fast charging and discharging of the traction batteries are spread out on a bus roof
2.33. Asola photovoltaic panel on Fisker hybrid sports car.
3.1. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
3.2. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
3.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
3.4. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide by application in 2010
3.5. Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles in China by application in 2010
3.6. Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options.
3.7. The Mission Motors Mission One 150 mph, 150 mile range electric motorcycle
4.1. Northrop Grumman surveillance airship with fuel cell range extender and energy harvesting for virtually unlimited range
4.2. Light utility aircraft – power-systems weight comparison
4.3. Light primary trainer – power-systems weight comparison
4.4. Battery and jet fuel loading
4.5. Pilot plus payload vs range for fuel cell light aircraft and alternatives
4.6. Total weight vs flight time for PEM fuel cell planes
4.7. Takeoff gross weight breakdowns. Left: Conventional reciprocating-engine-powered airplane. Right: Fuel-cell-powered airplane.
4.8. JAMSTEC Fuel Cell Underwater Vehicle FCUV
4.9. Soliloquy superyacht with multiple energy harvesting including solar sails that fold like a penknife
5.1. AeroVironment Raven
5.2. Raven enhancement
5.3. Aqua Puma
5.4. AeroVironment Helios
5.5. Global Observer first flight August 2010
5.6. Bladon Jets gas turbine range extender for cars and light aircraft and the Jaguar CX75
5.7. Jaguar Land Rover
5.8. Capstone microturbine
5.9. Capstone turbine in a Japanese bus
5.10. Various sizes of Capstone MicroTurbines
5.11. Clarian Laboratories’ range extender
5.12. Daimler roadmap for commercial vehicles
5.13. DLR fuel cell and the electric A320 airliner nose wheel it drives when the airliner is on the ground.
5.14. Holstenblitz fuel cell car trial
5.15. EcoMotors opposing piston range extender
5.16. FEV extreme downsized range extender engine
5.17. GSE mini diesel driving a propeller
5.18. Greg Stevenson (left) and Gene Sheehan, Fueling Team GFC contender, with GSE Engines.
5.19. Block diagram of the Frank/Stevenson parallel hybrid system
5.20. Fuel cell taxi trials
5.21. New two cylinder range extender from Lotus Engineering
5.22. Fuel cell development
5.23. Lotus hybrid powertrain and second generation range extender ICE
5.24. Lotus three and two cylinder range extenders
5.25. Proton EMAS
5.26. Polaris REX range extender left with generator, right with peripherals as well
5.27. Location of technical advances in Polaris range extender
5.28. Ricardo Wolverine engine for hybrid UAVs
5.29. Volkswagen XL1 hybrid concept
6.1. Adura powertrain with microturbine.
6.2. Ashok Leyland CNG hybrid bus
6.3. Azure Dynamics hybrid powertrain
6.4. Bus with BAE Systems hybrid power train
6.5. Boeing fuel cell aircraft
6.6. DesignLine bus with Capstone turbine range extender.
6.7. ENFICA FC two seater fuel cell plane
6.8. Ford Lincoln hybrid car has no price premium over the conventional version
6.9. Frazer-Nash REEV powertrain
6.10. Namir EREV Supercar
6.11. Proton Exora
6.12. Chevrolet Volt powertrain
6.13. Honda IMA
6.14. German fuel cell powered diesel submarine
6.15. Hyundai Blue hybrid car
6.16. Hyundai fuel cell powered car
6.17. Igot Chak hybrid motorcycle
6.18. Hybrid Land Rover trial
6.19. Planned Jaguar supercar
6.20. The LPE REEV concept car
6.21. Marion Hyper-Sub Submersible Powerboat
6.22. Skyspark in flight 2009
6.23. Suzuki Burgman fuel cell scooter
6.24. Suzuki concept fuel cell motorcycle headed for production
6.25. Tata Motors roadmap for hybrid commercial vehicles
6.26. Toyota Prius hybrid car is the world’s best selling electric car
6.27. Toyota hybrid forklift
6.28. Turtle Airship landed on water in concept drawing
6.29. Glassock hybrid set up for dynamometer testing
6.30. Hybrid quad bike
6.31. Hydrogenius
6.32. Tyrano hybrid tractor
6.33. Volvo hybrid bus
6.34. Volvo technical concept 1
6.35. Volvo technical concept 2
6.36. Volvo technical concept 3
7.1. Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2012-2022
7.2. Indicative trend of charging and electrical storage for large hybrid vehicles over the next decade.
7.3. Evolution of construction of range extenders over the coming decade
7.4. Examples of range extender technology in the shaft vs no shaft categories
7.5. Illustrations of range extender technologies over the coming decade with “gen” in red for those that have inherent ability to generate electricity
Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Single User License
$3995
Electric Vehicles – Seeing the Big Picture
The burgeoning electric vehicle EV industry cannot be understood by simply looking at cars. Indeed, in the last year, only the electric car sector of EVs has lost a year due to the Japanese tsunami and badly delayed model launches and it has been particularly sensitive to troubled economies as well. IDTechEx has adjusted its forecasts accordingly and now sees cars as less than half the EV business by value for the coming decade.
The EV leaders such as Toyota, Honda and Nissan make electric vehicles for many applicational sectors. Indeed, many of them also control the manufacture of the component that most affects price and performance – the battery – and many make the electric motors and other key components. This is therefore a curious industry where component manufacturers often compete with their customers and customer-supplier joint ventures are commonplace. For example, Nissan has a major program to put next generation lithium batteries from its battery joint venture into its forklifts as well as its cars. Toyota makes heavy and light industrial EVs from forklifts to buses and mobility for the disabled, not just electric cars, and the knowledge in these different divisions is shared between them all. Much is written about hybrid cars but there are substantial sales of hybrid military trucks, buses, boats now plus hybrid aircraft, airships and even motorcycles coming along. Meanwhile there are many varieties of pure electric on-road, off-road, on water, underwater and air vehicles with similar technology and challenges.
IDTechEx has substantially rewritten its annual Electric Vehicles report for 2012. It is based on ten years of researching the subject, intensive desk research, visits and interviews. There are chapters on Heavy Industrial, Light Industrial and Commercial, Mobility for the Disabled, Two Wheelers, Golf Cars, on-road Cars, Military, Marine and Other vehicles. That even extends to electric mobile robots, surveillance jellyfish and other Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), bats and electric aircraft. After all, they can all be a target for component and system suppliers and, increasingly, the vehicle manufacturers themselves are diversifying horizontally. Detailed forecasts for these vehicle categories by numbers and value and the key components are provided for 2012-2022, with total market value. The trends, technology and planned vehicles are clarified in 146 figures and 52 tables including the historical context. Winning and losing strategies are evaluated. Timelines are given of events to come.
At last the full picture of China
IDTechEx does not make the common mistake of reporting primarily on vehicles from the well known Western and Japanese manufacturers. 66% of the manufacturers of electric vehicles in the world are in China. Over 90% of the world's electric vehicles are made in China, mainly for use in China. It has the largest potential market for electric vehicles. It mines and controls 95% of the World's rare earth reserves used in the hybrid car batteries, motors and other key components of today's electric vehicles. Of the 420 EV manufacturers covered in this new report, an appropriately high proportion are Chinese. This is particularly true of the chapters on Heavy Industrial, Buses, Light Industrial and Commercial, Mobility for the Disabled, Two Wheelers, Golf Cars and Cars, where the Chinese heavily participate, as yet with little publicity, because so much of it is for the domestic market.
Unique forecasts
New ten year forecasts for the whole EV market are only available from IDTechEx. The company finds that the electric vehicle industry will continue to exhibit strong growth for the next decade, though some sectors were impacted by the global financial meltdown and have yet to fully recover. Those participating in only one sector need to keep a wary eye on those with a broader vision: they must frequently review their strategy and avoid dangerous tunnel vision.
Good volume growth but greater value growth
The 35 million EVs sold in 2012 will rise 3.6 times to nearly 129 million in 2022, driven by e-bikes, but the value of the market will grow twice as much because larger and more expensive vehicles are now rapidly adopting the technology. Motorcycles, military vehicles, buses and earthmovers are among them. Hybrids will rise in their dominant share of the value market through the decade. In ten years from now, a far higher percentage of the global output of light industrial vehicles, commercial vehicles and cars will be EVs but for greatest elimination of conventional internal combustion engines vehicles, one must look elsewhere – this report explains and gives latest projections of penetration.
The new report gives the detail, forecasting numbers, unit value and total market value for each applicational sector with many original tables giving subsets of the data and a large number of profiles of current and planned activities of the participants. Many sectors now benefit from the many new government benefits and, in certain sectors, many technical innovations and new models are becoming available. We evaluate these aspects and the market drivers, including what users really need. Battery, motor and other technology is explained and forecasted as well.
This report "Electric Vehicles 2012-2022″ is an overarching annual report in IDTechEx report series on the different types of electric vehicle, the subsidiary reports variously giving far more detail on electric cars, military, security, police, bus, taxi, Light Electric Vehicles (e-bikes etc), electric aircraft and marine electric vehicles and there is a report on electric vehicles in East Asia. Then there are reports specifically on key technologies. Each report comes with one hour of free telephone or email consultancy to fill in any information you still require after having read it.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. The whole picture
1.1.1. Synergies
1.1.2. What is excluded?
1.2. Largest sectors
1.3. Numbers of manufacturers
1.4. Goodbye to the 100 mile range of affordable pure electric vehicles
1.5. Heavy industrial sector
1.6. Buses
1.7. The light industrial and commercial sector
1.8. Two wheel and allied vehicles
1.9. Cars
1.10. Golf
1.11. Military
1.12. Marine
1.13. Other
1.14. Market for EV components
1.15. Timelines
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definitions and scope of this report
2.1.1. Learning from the past
2.1.2. The EV value chain
2.1.3. Key components
2.2. Pure electric vehicles
2.3. Hybrid electric vehicles
2.3.1. Largest sector by value
2.3.2. Here come range extenders
2.3.3. Second or third generation?
2.3.4. Second generation success
2.3.5. Third generation range extenders in the marketplace
2.3.6. Hybrids at no price penalty
2.4. Born electric – In-Wheel Electric Motors
2.5. Born Electric – Smart skin
2.6. Objectives
2.7. Benefits
2.8. Range extenders fuel cell, mini turbine
3. HEAVY INDUSTRIAL EVS
3.1. What is included
3.2. Future opportunities Caterpillar USA, JC Bamford UK
3.3. Nissan and Mitsubishi electric forklifts Japan
3.4. New Toyota forklifts Japan
3.5. Zheijang Goodsense Forklift China
3.6. Linde Germany, Komatsu Japan
3.7. Listing of manufacturers
3.8. Market size
3.9. Market forecasts 2012-2022
4. LIGHT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL EVS
4.1. What is included
4.1.1. Sub categories
4.1.2. Buses
4.1.3. Trucks
4.1.4. Odyne hybrid truck propulsion
4.1.5. Balqon Pure Electric Trucks and Bus Drive
4.2. Market drivers
4.2.1. Governments get involved
4.3. Important initiatives
4.3.1. Paccar with Eaton
4.3.2. Peugeot Citron and Mitsubishi Motors
4.3.3. Freightliner, Enova Daimler and Wal-Mart USA
4.3.4. EVI and Valence USA
4.3.5. China Vehicles Company
4.3.6. Nano-Optonics Energy Inc Japan – Commercial vehicles and cars
4.3.7. Azure Dynamics
4.4. EVs for local services
4.5. Airport EVs
4.6. Small people-movers
4.7. Light industrial aids
4.8. Heavy duty on-road trucks will now become hybrids
4.9. Listing of manufacturers
4.10. Market forecasts 2012-2022
5. MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED
5.1. The sector with the most compelling and enduring need
5.2. The demographic time-bomb
5.2.1. Ageing population and the dependent elderly
5.2.2. Laws make mobility easier
5.3. Types of mobility vehicle
5.3.1. Growth by new market segments
5.3.2. Interchina Industry Group China
5.4. Market drivers
5.4.1. Geographical distribution
5.4.2. Needs creating new segments
5.4.3. What is driving regional differences?
5.4.4. Zhejiang R&P Industry China
5.4.5. Pride Mobility, USA
5.5. Listing of manufacturers
5.6. Market forecasts 2012-2022
5.6.1. Growth by creating new markets
6. TWO WHEELED EVS AND ALLIED VEHICLES
6.1. What is included
6.1.1. Copenhagen bicycle USA, Italy
6.1.2. Improved motors
6.2. Prices and performances compared
6.3. Electric two wheeler companies
6.3.1. Yamaha Japan
6.3.2. Eko Vehicles hybrid scooters India
6.3.3. Interchina Industry Group foldable electric bike China
6.3.4. Honda Japan
6.3.5. Suzuki fuel cell bike Japan
6.3.6. Peugeot E-Vivacity scooter France
6.3.7. Cytronex lightweight bicycle USA
6.3.8. Daymak Canada
6.4. Market drivers
6.4.1. Bicycles and electric bicycles
6.4.2. Hybrid motorcycles
6.4.3. YikeBike and other exotica – New Zealand, USA
6.5. Listing of manufacturers
6.5.2. China
6.6. Market forecasts 2012-2022
7. GOLF EVS
7.1. What is included
7.2. Market drivers
7.2.1. Golf course creation
7.2.2. Secondary market – golf cars not used for golf
7.2.3. No more growth
7.2.4. Change of leader? Ingersoll Rand and Textron USA
7.2.5. Suzhou Eagle and many others in China
7.3. Listing of manufacturers
7.4. Market forecasts 2012-2022
7.4.2. Statistics for all bicycles
8. CARS
8.1. Adoption of electric cars
8.2. US and Europe try to catch up
8.3. Rapid increase in number of manufacturers
8.4. Providing charging infrastructure
8.4.1. Recharging points
8.4.2. Battery changing points
8.4.3. Can the grid cope?
8.5. Market 2012-2022
9. PURE ELECTRIC CARS
9.1. Dj Vu
9.1.2. Pure electric cars are a necessary part of the range?
9.2. Examples of pure EV cars
9.2.1. Nissan Japan – most ambitious of all?
9.2.2. Here come the Chinese – BYD, Brilliance, Geely, Chengfang
9.2.3. Jianghsu China
9.2.4. Interchina Industry Group China
9.2.5. High performance pure EVs – Tesla USA
9.2.6. Pininfarina Bollor Bluecar France, Italy
9.2.7. Rinspeed UC Switzerland
9.2.8. REVA India
9.2.9. Club Car USA
9.2.10. Toyota Japan
9.2.11. Detroit Electric USA
9.2.12. Tara Tiny India
9.2.13. Kleenspeed Technologies goes mainstream
9.2.14. Mitsubishi Japan
10. HYBRID CARS
10.1. Construction and advantages of hybrids
10.2. Evolution
10.3. Chevrolet Volt USA
10.4. Ford plug-in hybrid USA
10.5. Bright Automotive SUV
10.6. Market drivers
10.6.1. Leading indicators
10.7. History of hybrids and planned models to 2013
11. MILITARY
11.1. Examples of military EVs
11.1.1. Hummer USA / China
11.1.2. Quantum Technologies USA Aggressor AMV
11.1.3. US Army trucks etc – ZAP, Columbia ParCar USA
11.1.4. Oshkosh Truck Corp USA
11.1.5. Plug-in trucks – BAE Systems UK
11.1.6. Electric robot vehicles USA
11.1.7. UQM unmanned combat vehicle USA
11.1.8. Balqon Corporation
11.2. Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
11.2.1. Small electrical UAVs
11.2.2. SUAV batteries
11.2.3. The most successful electric UAV
11.2.4. Micro nano air vehicles
11.2.5. Large electrical UAVs
11.2.6. DARPA insects USA
11.2.7. COM-BAT robot bat USA
11.3. Examples of military EVs – in the water
11.3.1. Robot jellyfish USA and Germany
11.4. Manufacturers of military EVs
11.5. Market forecasts 2012-2022
12. MARINE
12.1.1. Hybrid and pure electric tugboats
12.2. Market segments
12.2.1. Total market
12.2.2. Underwater
12.2.3. On the water
12.3. Commonality with land EVs
12.3.1. Grants for land and water
12.3.2. Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine
12.4. Market drivers
12.4.2. Pollution laws back electric boats – India, Europe, USA
12.4.3. Energy harvesting superyacht UK
12.4.4. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) – Europe, USA
12.5. Wave and sun powered sea gliders – Liquid Robotics USA
12.5.2. Other AUV gliders USA
12.6. Remote control rescue – Scorpio UK
12.7. AUVs serving underwater research stations and ocean monitoring USA
12.8. AUV swimmers USA
12.9. Swimmer AUVs, Florida Atlantic University USA
12.10. Mine Destruction AUV UK
12.11. Leisure and tourist submarines USA
12.12. Manufacturers by country and product
12.13. Selling prices
12.13.1. US Submarines Inc USA
12.13.2. Private submarines UK, Canada
12.14. Market forecasts 2012-2022
12.14.1. Surface and subsurface boat markets
13. OTHER EVS
13.1. Definition
13.2. Market drivers
13.3. Listing of manufacturers by country and product
13.4. Market size and trends
13.4.1. Aircraft – Renault, Piccard
13.4.2. Solar Impulse
13.4.3. Non-military mobile robots – USA, UK, Japan
13.4.4. The Electrolux Automower Sweden
13.4.5. Rescue robots in Germany
13.4.6. Robots on Mars
13.4.7. Leisure
13.4.8. Research and hobbyist
13.5. Market forecasts 2012-2022
14. WHAT LEVEL OF RECHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IS NEEDED?
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Main market drivers 2011-2021
1.2. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
1.3. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
1.4. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
1.5. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2010 by application with numbers for China
1.6. Global electric car sales in thousands for 2011 and 2012 by manufacturer including neighbourhood electric vehicles NEV but not golf cars.
1.7. Toyota Prius sales 1997-2010 by region in thousands
1.8. Global sales of heavy industrial EVs by numbers, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded
1.9. Global sales of buses, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded
1.10. Global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs by numbers thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.11. Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2012-2022, rounded
1.12. Global sales of two wheel and allied EVs number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.13. Global sales of electric cars number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.14. Value of the hybrid, pure electric and total electric car market in billions of dollars 2010-2020
1.15. Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2011-2021
1.16. Global sales of electric golf cars in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
1.17. Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.18. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded.
1.19. Global sales of other electric vehicles (including civil aircraft and robot) in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
1.20. Components and subsystems fitted in new electric vehicles 2010-2020 in thousands
1.21. Highlights 2010-2020
2.1. Energy, number of riders and energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options.
2.2. Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs
3.1. Twenty examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country
3.2. Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks
3.3. Distribution of trade volume for heavy industrial EVs
3.4. Global league table of powered industrial truck manufacturers 2010 by value of sales
3.5. Global sales of heavy industrial EVs by numbers, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded
3.6. Sales of heavy electric vehicles by region by percentage of units
4.1. 150 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs and drive trains by country and examples of their products
4.2. Global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs by numbers thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
4.3. Breakdown of global market in 2010 for light industrial and commercial vehicles – global park, new vehicles, % electric, number electric, ex factory unit price and value for the subsections Full Size Buses, Other On Road, Airport
4.4. Sales of light electric/ commercial vehicles by region 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 by percentage of units
5.1. Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population
5.2. Evolution of three families of powered vehicles for the disabled
5.3. Evolution of power chairs 1980 to 2010
5.4. Evolution of scooters for the disabled 1980 to 2010
5.5. The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2010
5.6. The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe
5.7. The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that were and will be sold in Europe 2005 to 2015
5.8. Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future
5.9. The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015
5.10. Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage split in 2005, 2010 and 2020
5.11. 82 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country
5.12. Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2012-2022, rounded
6.1. Prices and performance of electric two wheelers
6.2. 70 examples of manufacturers of two wheel EVs and electric quad bikes
6.3. Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order)
6.4. 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry
6.5. Listing of light electric scooter makers in China. Most use lead-acid battery chemistry but there is a move to lithium-ion batteries
6.6. Global sales of two wheel and allied EVs number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
6.7. Sales of Light Electric Vehicles LEVs (two wheelers and allied eg electric quad bikes and on road three wheel micro cars) by region by percentage of units.
7.1. 18 examples of golf EV manufacturers
7.2. Global sales of electric golf cars in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
7.3. Geographical split of golf EV sales by value 2010, 2015 and 2020
8.1. Global stimulus for fuel efficient cars in 2009
8.2. 121 examples of manufacturers of EV cars
8.3. Global sales of electric cars number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
8.4. Value of the hybrid, pure electric and total electric car market in billions of dollars 2010-2020
8.5. Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2010-2020.
10.1. Major market drivers for growth in hybrid sales
10.2. Hybrid electric vehicles and associated events 1876-2013
11.1. Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven
11.2. 26 suppliers of military EVs
11.3. Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
11.4. Military electric vehicle sales by region 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in percentage units
12.1. 44 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft
12.2. Leading manufacturers of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles for sale
12.3. Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2010
12.4. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
13.1. 30 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by country and product
13.2. Global sales of other electric vehicles (including civil aircraft and robot) in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2021, rounded
14.1. Number of gas stations ("service stations") by region in 2010
FIGURES
1.1. Electric vehicle upfront cost vs their traction battery energy storage
1.2. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
1.3. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
1.4. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
1.5. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide by application in 2010
1.6. Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles in China by application in 2010
1.7. Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options.
1.8. The Mission Motors Mission One 150 mph, 150 mile range electric motorcycle
1.9. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars and other electric vehicles
2.1. EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years
2.2. Electric vehicle value chain
2.3. Increasing inefficiency of private vehicles with size, even when fully occupied
2.4. Increasing efficiency of buses with size when fully occupied
2.5. Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options
2.6. The Bladon Jets microturbine range extender is the size of two cans of beans
2.7. Planned Jaguar supercar with microturbine range extenders
2.8. Boeing fuel cell plane trial
2.9. Principle of a PEM fuel cell
2.10. Toyota hybrid fork lift for heavy outdoor duty
2.11. Tyrano Big Rig
2.12. Ford MKZ Hybrid
2.13. The Lohner-Porsche electric vehicle of 1898 showing its two in-wheel electric motors. Another version had four
2.14. Mitsubishi in-wheel motor
2.15. Mine resistant ambush protected – All Terrain Vehicle MATV
2.16. MATV structure
2.17. Volvo ReCharge concept hybrid
2.18. Fraunhofer in-wheel motor on an Artega GT
2.19. SIM Drive in wheel traction
2.20. EMRAX 222 Duplex Motor
2.21. The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles
2.22. Competing electric drive train technologies and their targets by market sector
2.23. Proton Electron Membrane
2.24. Toyota hybrid outdoor forklift
3.1. Caterpillar CAT series hybrid diesel electric bulldozer
3.2. Nissan lithium forklift
3.3. Mitsubishi diesel electric hybrid lifter
3.4. Toyota Material Handling has launched the new Traigo 48 in 2010, a powerful electric forklift fitted into a compact and agile package
3.5. Forklift from one of the many Chinese manufacturers
4.1. Orion VII hybrid electric bus USA
4.2. Nova RTS hybrid electric bus USA
4.3. Gillig low floor hybrid bus in USA
4.4. Two buses in Brazil using the locally made Eletra hybrid power trains
4.5. Kent electric city bus from China
4.6. Hino Blue Ribbon hybrid diesel electric bus in China
4.7. Lightning Motorcycle's Balqon-equipped superbike
4.8. Citron Berlingo electric light commercial vehicle
4.9. Freightliner MT-45 step van uses 120kW Enova electric drive system
4.10. EVI truck powered by Valence lithium-ion batteries
4.11. Electric pick up truck from China Vehicles Company
4.12. SIM Drive car concept
4.13. SIM Drive in wheel traction
4.14. Electric bus in Nepal
4.15. Mobile electric scissor lift by Wuhan Chancay Machinery and Electronics
4.16. Garbage collecting electric car
4.17. Market for light industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2010 in $ billion
4.18. Market for industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2020
5.1. Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040
5.2. New Pihsiang Shoprider pure electric mobility vehicle for the disabled
5.3. The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group
5.4. Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413
5.5. Pride Jazzy – making new things possible
6.1. The Copenhagen bicycle
6.2. The Copenhagen Wheel
6.3. Yamaha EC-f and EC-fs concept electric scooters
6.4. Yamaha EC03
6.5. Eko Vehicles ET-120 hybrid scooter
6.6. Foldable Electric Bike (LNEB-9601
6.7. Honda EV Cub sports twin, front and rear electric drive motors.
6.8. Suzuki Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter powered by Intelligent Energy
6.9. Peugeot E-Vivacity electric scooter planned for 2010
6.10. Cytronex light-weight electric bike
6.11. Shadow eBike is powered by Daymak Drive
6.12. e-bikes parked in Yangzhou China
6.13. Electric mopeds parked in Cheghdu China
6.14. The YikeBike from New Zealand
6.15. YikeBike in action
7.1. Tonaro golf and general purpose vehicle from China
7.2. Suzhou Eagle two and four seat golf cars from China
7.3. Yongkang Fourstar golf vehicles from China
7.4. Shadong Wuzheng golf cars from China
7.5. Jinhua Ryder golf car from China
7.6. World bicycle and automoblie production, 1950-2007
8.1. Geographical distribution of 120 companies making or intending to make electric cars
9.1. Trouv pure EV car in 1881
9.2. Red Bug pure EV in 1930
9.3. Sinclair C5
9.4. Aptera
9.5. Gemcars
9.6. The BYD E6 pure EV car
9.7. Jianghsu DHCLBC EF-1 car
9.8. Electric Car (INEC-BOBI)
9.9. Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car
9.10. Pininfarina Bollor Bluecar showing solar panels on roof and hood
9.11. Pininfarina Bollor Bluecar cross section
9.12. Rinspeed urban commuter electric microcar
9.13. REVA pure EV car
9.14. The Club Car street legal car launched in 2009
9.15. Planned Toyota pure EV city car.
9.16. Detroit Electric
9.17. Tara Tiny
9.18. Mitsubishi pure EV car
10.1. Evolution of EV design for on-road and many non-road vehicles
10.2. Chevrolet Volt battery, generator and drive unit positioning
11.1. Oshkosh truck
11.2. Balqon Mule M150
11.3. SPI electrical SUAV
11.4. Examples of SUAV rechargeable lithium batteries. Top: Flight Power "EVO 20″ Lithium Polymer battery. Bottom: Sion Power lithium sulfur
11.5. Rotomotion VTOL electrical UAV incorporating video camera, telemetry, auto takeoff and landing
11.6. Electric UAV, part of the British Antarctic Survey, over Antarctica
11.7. FlyingFish electrical UAV
11.8. AeroVironment Raven
11.9. AeroVironment Aqua Puma UAV completes Royal Australian Navy Sea trials in 2007
11.10. AeroVironment Helios
11.11. Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane
11.12. COM-BAT
11.13. Robotic Bat
11.14. AquaJelly
11.15. AirJelly
12.1. Hybrid tugboat
12.2. Engine room of the hybrid tugboat
12.3. Workmen weld on the bottom of a tug boat behind the Z-drive
12.4. Bratt electric tugboat
12.5. Electric deck boat by Leisure Life
12.6. Electric launch
12.7. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
12.8. The rigid-wing superyacht concept called 'Soliloquy'
12.9. Head on view of the rigid-wing superyacht 'Soliloquy'
12.10. Wave and sun powered sea glider
12.11. Autonomous wave glider
12.12. The British Scorpio remote controlled rescue vehicle that released the trapped Russian submarine in August 2005
12.13. The Ocean Explorer AUV
12.14. Ocean Voyager II AUV
12.15. A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water
12.16. Personal submarine
12.17. Wet submarine
12.18. Two-person SportSub submarine
12.19. Triton personal submarine
12.20. Deep Flight Aviator two-person leisure submarine
12.21. Seattle personal luxury submarine by US Submarines
12.22. US Submarine's main tourist submarine
12.23. Sea Scooter by Pro Audio Elite of Italy
12.24. Small electric boats for hire
13.1. "Zep'lin"s
13.2. "Zep'lin" photovoltaic sail adjustment
13.3. Solar Impulse
13.4. The new Electrolux Automower
13.5. Robots for Mars
13.6. Mission Scenario To Aid Technology Development
13.7. Robot Work Crew
Energy Harvesting for Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Energy Harvesting for Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Energy Harvesting for Electric Vehicles
Single User License
$3995
The electric vehicle industry – land, water and air – is rapidly rising to become a huge market of over $200 billion in 2022 at ex-factory prices. Some run entirely on harvested energy as with solar lake boats. Others recycle energy as with regenerative braking of cars, buses and military vehicles harvesting kinetic energy. Others use different forms of harvesting either to charge the traction batteries or to drive autonomous devices as we progress to the wireless vehicle. In some cases, harvesting is making completely new forms of electric vehicle possible such as “glider” Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that stay at sea for years and surface to gain electricity from both wave power and sunshine whenever necessary. Indeed, multiple forms of energy harvesting on one vehicle is becoming much more common from cars to superyachts. This report is the first to provide technical and marketing analysis of the rapidly growing market for energy harvesting in electric vehicles – land, water and air – with forecasts.
This report gives a wealth of examples of energy harvesting in action on electric vehicles by land, water and air. It summarises trends in diagrams, tables and text to make it easy to compare essential information. Forecasts for adoption in 2012 and 2022 are backed by ten year forecasts for electric vehicle sales by type, 2012-2022 by category – number, unit value and market value. A critical explanation of all the technologies is given with the good and bad aspects and assessment of likely future progress. The work of a large number of suppliers and adopters is assessed.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. What is energy harvesting?
1.2. Choices of harvesting
1.3. Opportunities for energy harvesting in cars
1.4. Market size of EV energy harvesting 2011-2021
1.5. Largest sectors
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Energy harvesting
2.1.1. Textron Bell helicopter sensing
2.1.2. Train brakes
2.1.3. MEMS
2.2. Electric vehicle
2.3. Needs
2.3.1. Range and cost
2.3.2. Hybrid vs pure electric
2.3.3. Biomimetics
2.4. Options and examples
2.4.1. ETH, QinetiQ solar plane
2.4.2. Amerigon thermoelectrics for cars, etc
2.4.3. Military land vehicles
2.4.4. NASA on Mars- planetary exploration vehicles
2.5. Bluecar
2.6. Nissan Capacitor Hybrid truck, forklift
2.7. Toyota Prius
2.8. Multi-mode harvesting
2.8.1. Alongside
2.8.2. Smart skin
2.8.3. EH in tire pressure monitoring
2.8.4. Issues with TPMSs using batteries
2.8.5. Energy harvesters for TPMS
2.9. Microhybrids
3. TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
3.1. Photovoltaic
3.1.1. Flexible, conformal
3.1.2. Technological options
3.1.3. Principles of operation
3.1.4. Options for flexible PV
3.1.5. Many types of photovoltaics needed for harvesting
3.2. Limits of cSi and aSi technologies
3.3. Limits of CdTe
3.4. GaAs-Ge multilayers
3.5. DSSC
3.6. CIGS
3.7. Organic
3.8. Nanosilicon ink
3.9. Nantenna – diode PV
3.9.1. Nanowire solar cells
3.9.2. UV, visible, IR
3.10. Technology trends – electrodynamic
3.11. Vibration harvesting
3.12. Movement harvesting options
3.12.1. Piezoelectric – conventional, ZnO and polymer
3.12.2. Electrostatic
3.12.3. Magnetostrictive
3.12.4. Energy harvesting electronics
3.13. Electroactive polymers
3.14. Electrodynamic
3.14.1. Generation of electricity
3.14.2. Regenerative braking
3.14.3. Energy harvesting shock absorbers
3.14.4. Regenerative soaring
3.15. Thermoelectrics
3.15.1. Thermoelectric construction
3.15.2. Advantages of thermoelectrics
3.15.3. Automotive Thermoelectric Generation (ATEG)
3.15.4. Heat pumps
3.15.5. Ford, Volvo, Renault
3.16. Flywheels
3.17. Electromagnetic field harnessing
3.18. Microbial and other fuel cells
3.19. Other harvesting options
4. EH FOR LAND VEHICLES
4.1. Solar Prius
4.2. Pure EV motive power
4.3. EH shock absorbers in trucks, buses, cars
4.4. Regenerative braking
4.5. Electricity from engine and exhaust heat
4.5.1. Copenhagen bicycle
4.5.2. Volvo hybrid bus
4.5.3. Fisker Karma car
4.5.4. Tesla car
4.6. Cruise car solar golf cars
4.7. Vibration harvesting ATV in India
4.8. Piezoelectric roads for California?
5. EH FOR VEHICLES ON WATER
5.1.1. Tamarack Lake foldable inland boat USA
5.1.2. Kitegen seagoing kite boats Italy and Sauter UK
5.1.3. Larger solar lake boats Switzerland
5.1.4. SCOD / Atlantic Motors high performance cabin cruiser USA
5.1.5. MW Line solar seagoing boat Switzerland
5.1.6. Unmanned boat gathering oil USA
5.1.7. Seagoing yachts France
5.1.8. Tag plug in hybrid large sail boat South Africa, New Zealand
5.1.9. Tranor PlanetSolar solar catamaran Germany
5.1.10. Energy harvesting superyacht UK
6. EH FOR UNDERWATER CRAFT
6.1. Swimmers vs gliders
6.2. Wave and sun powered sea gliders
6.2.1. Virginia Institute of Marine Science USA
6.2.2. Falmouth Scientific Inc USA
6.2.3. Liquid Robotics USA
6.3. Robot jellyfish USA and Germany
6.4. Wind + Solar for ships
7. EH FOR AIRCRAFT
7.1. Energy harvesting
7.1.1. Multiple forms of energy to be managed
7.1.2. AeroVironment/ NASA USA
7.1.3. Boeing USA
7.1.4. cole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne Switzerland
7.1.5. ETH Zurich Switzerland
7.1.6. Green Pioneer China
7.1.7. Gossamer Penguin USA
7.1.8. Nphlios France
7.1.9. QinetiQ UK
7.1.10. Soaring China
7.1.11. Solair Germany
7.1.12. Solar Flight USA
7.1.13. Sunseeker USA
7.1.14. University of Applied Sciences Schwbisch Gmnd Germany
7.1.15. US Air Force
7.1.16. Northrop Grumman USA
7.2. Beamed energy
8. EV CHARGING STATIONS WITH HARVESTING
8.1. Energy harvesting
8.1.1. Solar powered charging stations
8.1.2. Alpha Energy USA
8.1.3. Beautiful Earth USA
8.1.4. Envision Solar International USA
8.1.5. E-Move Denmark
8.1.6. EVFuture India
8.1.7. Sanyo Japan
8.1.8. Solar Bullet train
8.1.9. Solar Unity Company USA
8.1.10. SunPods USA
8.1.11. Toyota Japan
8.1.12. Innowattech Israel
9. MARKET FORECASTS 2011 2022
9.1. Largest sectors
9.2. Numbers of manufacturers
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
APPENDIX 2: WIRELESS CHARGING
TABLES
1.1. Potential for improving energy harvesting efficiency
1.2. Main photovoltaic options compared
1.3. Possible scenario for number of EVs sold and the percentage using energy harvesting to charge traction batteries by type in 2011 and 2021, in numbers K
1.4. Main market drivers 2011-2021
1.5. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
1.6. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
1.7. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
3.1. Comparison of pn junction and photoelectrochemical photovoltaics
3.2. The main options for photovoltaics beyond conventional silicon compared
3.3. CdTe cost advantage in 2010
3.4. Efficiency of laminar organic photovoltaics and DSSC
3.5. Automotive requirements from a TEG
5.1. Ocean Empire LSV Specifications:
7.1. Multiple forms of energy management in aviation
9.1. Possible scenario for number of EVs sold and the percentage using energy harvesting to charge traction batteries by type in 2011 and 2021, in numbers K
9.2. Main market drivers 2011-2021
9.3. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
9.4. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
9.5. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
9.6. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2010 by application with numbers for China
FIGURES
1.1. Long endurance AUV that gains electricity by surfacing to harness wave and sun power
1.2. Examples of energy harvesting technologies and their applicability to electric vehicles, land, water and air
1.3. Where energy harvesting fits into green energy
1.4. Focus of energy harvesting development in the value chain
1.5. Examples of energy harvesting technologies, developers and manufacturers
1.6. Primary energy harvesting choices by size and efficiency
1.7. Main energy harvesting technologies are compared by life and cost per watt
1.8. Hamburg solar shuttle with flexible photovoltaics
1.9. Possible sites for sensors with energy harvesting in cars
1.10. German solar electric car from 1982 that achieved 15 mph
1.11. Self sufficient accessory cluster – conformable tail lights and interior lighting – with timeframe to 2015 and beyond
1.12. Fiat Phylla running laboratory and enabling technologies
1.13. Phylla drive train
1.14. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
1.15. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
1.16. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
2.1. Helicopter vibration harvester
2.2. Bell model 412 helicopter
2.3. MEMS by a dust mite that is less than one millimeter across
2.4. Some common technologies
2.5. Unfolding photovoltaics on vehicles
2.6. Swiss solar plane
2.7. Automotive power flow
2.8. Thermoelectrics to improve the efficiency of stationary Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
2.9. Oshkosh hybrid truck
2.10. Bluecar
2.11. Pininfarina Bollor Bluecar cross section
2.12. Nissan Lithium-ion forklift with regenerative braking
2.13. 2010 Toyota Prius
2.14. Solar panel on roof of the new plug in Prius
2.15. Tribrid two-wheeler
2.16. Smart Skin concept
2.17. Alert icon for tire pressure
2.18. VisiTyre’s pick up coil
2.19. Visualization of the VisiTyre coil’s magnetic field.
3.1. Kopf Solarshiff pure electric solar powered lake boats in Germany and the UK for up to 150 people
3.2. NREL adjudication of efficiencies under standard conditions
3.3. Number of organisations developing printed and potentially printed electronics worldwide in 2010
3.4. Spectrolab roadmap for multilayer cells
3.5. DSSC design principle
3.6. HRTEM plane view BF image of germanium quantum dots in titania matrix
3.7. CIGS construction
3.8. The CIGS panels from Global Solar Energy
3.9. Wide web organic photovoltaic production line of Konarka announced late 2008.
3.10. Operating principle of a popular form of organic photovoltaics
3.11. Module stack for photovoltaics
3.12. INL nantennas on film
3.13. Nanowire solar cells left by Canadian researchers and right by Konarka in the USA
3.14. Microscope image shows the fibers that are part of the microfiber nanogenerator. The top one is coated with gold
3.15. Schematic shows how pairs of fibers would generate electrical current
3.16. Piezo eel
3.17. Capacitive biomimetic energy harvesting
3.18. Mid energy harvesting electronics
3.19. Artificial Muscle business plan
3.20. Artificial Muscle’s actuator
3.21. Electraflyer Trike
3.22. Electraflyer uncowled
3.23. The thermoelectric materials with highest figure of merit
3.24. Operating principle of the Seiko Thermic wristwatch
3.25. The thermoelectric device in the Seiko Thermic watch with 104 elements each measuring 80X80X600 micrometers
3.26. Demonstration of a TEG on a Ford Fusion 3.0L-V6
3.27. Exhaust Gas Recirculator specifications
3.28. Volvo Flywheel KERS components
3.29. Volvo flywheel KERS system layout
3.30. Magneto Marelli electrical KERS Motor Generator Unit
3.31. The Marelli system
3.32. Williams Formula One KERS flywheel
4.1. Toyota Prius solar roof option.
4.2. Latest MIT solar car
4.3. Honda dream, the winning car in the 1996 World Solar Challenge. The custom made cells for the car are greater than 20% efficient.
4.4. Sunswift
4.5. See-through photovoltaics on the rear window of a large Mercedes concept vehicle late in 2011
4.6. GenShock prototype held by Humvee coil spring where it is installed
4.7. Levant Power Hummer
4.8. Genshock evolution
4.9. Hydraulic energy harvesting from Levant Power
4.10. Ronggui Yang
4.11. The Copenhagen bicycle
4.12. The Copenhagen Wheel
4.13. Volvo hybrid bus Sweden
4.14. Fisker Karma
4.15. Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car
4.16. Solar powered Cruise car
5.1. Left to right Mr Ray Hirani, Dr Peter Harrop, Montgomery Gisborne
5.2. Tamarack Loon
5.3. Kitegen kite providing supplementary power to a ship
5.4. Ocean Empire LSV concept with electricity from kites, waves and sun
5.5. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
5.6. MW Line solar seagoing boat
5.7. Zoom Solar powered unmanned boat gathering oil
5.8. Seagoing yacht with auxiliary engine
5.9. Rigged and ready, Tang is towed carefully to the launch site
5.10. Plug-in Tag 60 hybrid sailboat
5.11. Tag 60 at speed (CAD)
5.12. Main salon (CAD)
5.13. Tang’s 18 kw motors
5.14. A lithium-ion battery module as used on Tang
5.15. EMM controls all electrical functions from touch screen consoles at each helm station
5.16. Tranor PlanetSolar solar catamaran
5.17. Tranor PlanetSolar – the world’s largest solar powered boat
5.18. Tranor PlanetSolar out of the water
5.19. Skippers Raphael Domjan of Switzerland and Gerard D’Aboville of France (left) stand on the bridge of the solar boat
5.20. The rigid-wing superyacht concept called ‘Soliloquy’
5.21. Head on view of the rigid-wing superyacht ‘Soliloquy’
6.1. Wave and sun power recharging a glider AUV before it resumes its mission
6.2. Wave and sun powered sea glider
6.3. Autonomous wave glider
6.4. AquaJelly
6.5. AirJelly
6.6. Japanese robot jellyfish
6.7. German robot jellyfish
7.1. Military deployment of solar/ fuel cell UAVs
7.2. Helios
7.3. SolarEagle
7.4. Solar Impulse
7.5. Solar impulse construction
7.6. ETH Zurich solar powered unmanned aircraft for civil use
7.7. Green Pioneer I
7.8. Gossamer Penguin
7.9. Nphlios planned solar airship
7.10. Larry Mauro USA
7.11. Test Flight of Soaring in 1994
7.12. Design of Soaring
7.13. Solar Flight
7.14. Bubble Plane
7.15. Solar and fuel cell powered airship concept
7.16. Northrop Grumman hybrid airship
8.1. Solar powered charging stations
8.2. Charging station at Rio de Janeiro
8.3. PC-Aero pure electric manned plane from Germany with solar charger
8.4. Solar recharging at Manheim New Jersey National Auto Dealers Exchange
8.5. Beautiful Earth Group’s Brooklyn container-based charging station
8.6. E-Move solar charging station
8.7. EVFuture solar powered roadside charge 2008 model
8.8. EVFuture solar station detail
8.9. Bicycle parking lot in Sakurashinmachi, Setagaya, with Sanyo’s Smart Energy System “Solar Parking Lot”
8.10. “Solar Parking Lot” based on Sanyo Electric’s Smart Energy System
8.11. Sanyo Electric’s Large-, Medium- and Small-Scale Smart Energy Systems
8.12. Solar powered train concept
8.13. Solar Unity solar powered charging installed in 2005
8.14. SunPods solar charging station
8.15. The 1.9kW Pure Electric Vehicle (PEV) and Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) charging station
8.16. Road surface electricity generator
8.17. Innowattech Piezo Electric Generator
8.18. Hino “no plug in” bus
8.19. In-road charging of small buses in Turin Italy
9.1. Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector
9.2. Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
9.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded
9.4. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide by application in 2010
9.5. Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles in China by application in 2010
Marine Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Marine Electric Vehicles 2012-2022
Marine Electric Vehicles Market
Single User License
$3995
Those making electric vehicles or their components seek to expand their business. To do this, they need to look beyond the oversupplied on-road sector. Marine electric vehicles are interesting as a market that is more profitable and often more open to innovation. However, until now, there has been no report assessing this substantial market sector. No longer. This is the world’s first comprehensive report on marine electric vehicles with latest ten year forecasts and important new projects such as submarines that will fly.
Large military business will be overtaken
The rapidly growing $2.3 billion market for marine electric vehicles is unusually varied. It includes on-water and underwater electric vehicles for inland waterways and the sea. Military electric craft dominate in market value today, despite the fact that IDTechEx excludes electrically propelled ordnance, such as torpedoes, and tethered vehicles from this report. Civil marine electric vehicles will constitute the largest marine electric vehicle market by value. Often the first to innovate
Certain marine electric craft are ahead of land and air electric vehicles in variously using lithium-ion traction batteries with greatest energy storage, the latest CIGS flexible solar cells (predecessor of multilayer smart skin explained in the text) and in being deployed for years at a time without human intervention. For example, only boats carry up to 150 people on solar power alone. Only seagoing “glider” Autonomous Underwater Vehicles AUVs are deployed for years without human intervention, coming to the surface when necessary to harvest electric power from both waves and sun.
Benchmarking
On the other hand, the report shows where designers of electric marine craft can learn from non-marine vehicles that are ahead in certain other respects. Examples include use of third generation battery technologies in electric aircraft and gas turbine range extenders in leading buses and supercars. Then there is the harvesting of the heat of the conventional engine in a hybrid car to produce electricity – expected soon. There needs to be much more benchmarking of best practice between electric vehicle sectors and the IDTechEx reports on electric vehicles by type – of which the marine report is the latest – assist in this process.
Super yachts, marine robots and volume products
This report covers hybrid and pure electric marine vehicles: it encompasses the extreme variety from a $50 pure electric sea scooter for a scooba diver to many $25 million hybrid super yachts and pure electric $5 million AUVs, tourist submarines etc., some with fuel cells. IDTechEx shows how the most popular seagoing enclosed leisure yachts are going hybrid this year for competitive advantage. By contrast, IDTechEx observes that it is new laws from Taiwan to Europe that are making electric boats the norm on inland waterways, even for water skiing. Learn how electric robot surface craft gather oil slicks while new electric tugboats outperform traditional ones and have new laws to encourage their adoption. Technology choices, trends and future breakthroughs are fully analysed.
Publisher >> IDTechEx
Report Category: Utilities
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. The whole picture
1.1.1. Global marine EV forecasts 2012-2022
1.1.2. Marine EVs compared to all EVs
1.2. Forecast rationale
1.3. Benefits of marine electric vehicles
1.3.1. Price sensitivity
1.3.2. Favoured Marine EV Technologies
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definitions and scope of this report
2.2. The EV value chain
2.3. Benefits of marine electric vehicles
2.4. Pure electric marine vehicles
2.5. Hybrid marine vehicles
2.6. Born electric
2.7. New structural advances and smart skin
3. SURFACE CRAFT
3.1. Commonality with land EVs
3.1.1. Grants for land and water
3.1.2. Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine
3.1.3. Pollution laws back electric boats – India, Europe, Taiwan, USA
3.2. Examples of electric surface craft
3.2.1. Tiny Ruban Bleu boats for hire France
3.2.2. Leisure Life small inland launch USA
3.2.3. Andaman and Electric Boats Thailand
3.2.4. Seascape pedalo EV
3.2.5. Tamarack Lake foldable inland boat USA
3.2.6. Duffy inland electric deck boats, USA
3.2.7. Boesch Boats for water skiing Switzerland
3.2.8. Epic Wakeboats hybrid sport boat USA
3.2.9. Erun GmbH inland sport boats Switzerland
3.2.10. Boote Marian luxury inland boats Austria
3.2.11. Kitegen seagoing kite boats Italy and Sauter UK
3.2.12. Larger solar lake boats Switzerland
3.2.13. SCOD / Atlantic Motors high performance cabin cruiser USA
3.2.14. MW Line solar seagoing boat Switzerland
3.2.15. Unmanned boat gathering oil USA
3.2.16. Seagoing yachts France
3.2.17. Fuel cell hybrid ferry New York
3.2.18. Tag plug in hybrid large sail boat South Africa, New Zealand
3.2.19. Tranor PlanetSolar solar catamaran Germany
3.2.20. Energy harvesting superyacht UK
3.2.21. Hybrid tugboats Canada, USA
3.2.22. Tugboats hybrid and pure electric Canada
3.2.23. Tugboats UK
3.2.24. Solar hybrid supertanker
4. MANNED UNDERWATER ELECTRIC VEHICLES
4.1. Sea scooters for scuba divers, Italy, China
4.2. Leisure and tourist submarines
4.2.1. Kittredge UK
4.2.2. Odyssea USA
4.2.3. International Venture Craft USA
4.2.4. Hawkes Ocean Technologies USA
4.2.5. Silvercrest/UVI Canada, UK
4.2.6. Submarines that are efficient surface boats
4.2.7. US Submarines Inc USA
4.2.8. Will submarines fly?
5. AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUVS)
5.1. Swimmers vs gliders
5.2. Wave and sun powered sea gliders
5.2.1. Virginia Institute of Marine Science USA
5.2.2. Falmouth Scientific Inc USA
5.2.3. Liquid Robotics USA
5.3. AUV swimmers North America
5.3.2. Hydroid USA
5.3.3. OceanServer Technology USA
5.4. AUV swimmers Europe
5.4.1. Kongsberg
5.4.2. Teledyne USA, Iceland
5.4.3. Mine Destruction AUV UK
5.4.4. Autosub6000 UK
5.4.5. a.r.s Technologies GmbH Germany
5.5. AUV swimmers East Asia
5.5.1. DRDO India
5.5.2. JAMSTEC Japan
6. BIOMIMETIC UNMANNED UNDERWATER CRAFT
6.1. Robot jellyfish USA and Germany
7. DRIVE TRAINS, COMPONENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
7.1. Drive trains
7.2. Traction batteries
7.2.1. The lure of lithium-ion
7.2.2. Cells – modules – battery packs
7.2.3. NiMH vs lithium
7.2.4. The ideal traction battery pack
7.2.5. Recent improvements
7.2.6. Traction batteries today
7.2.7. Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage
7.2.8. Move to high voltage
7.2.9. Many suppliers
7.2.10. Pouch problems?
7.2.11. The lure of lithium polymer versions of lithium-ion
7.2.12. Genuinely solid state traction batteries
7.2.13. New chemistries for lithium-ion batteries
7.2.14. Impediments
7.2.15. ABSL
7.2.16. SAFT
7.3. Range extenders
7.4. Fuel cells
7.5. Electric motors
7.5.1. New motors and outboards for boats
7.5.2. AC vs DC
7.6. Motor position
7.7. Charging infrastructure for marine EVs
7.7.1. General needs and solutions
7.8. Case study: Arctic under ice survey
7.9. MBARI research AUV deployment
8. MARKET FORECASTS 2012-2022 AND ROADMAP
8.1.1. Market drivers
8.1.2. Global forecasts 2012-2022
8.1.3. Marine EVs compared to all EVs
8.1.4. Penetration of total marine market
8.2. Marine market segments
8.3. Market forecasts 2012-2022
8.3.1. Total market
8.3.2. AUV market
8.3.3. Market leaders
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
1.2. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
1.3. Forecasts by year of ex factory market value of electric marine craft by six marine sectors 2011-2021
1.4. 86 examples of manufacturers of electric water craft, country and type
1.5. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total market value in 2012
1.6. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total market value in 2022 rounded
3.1. Ocean Empire LSV Specifications
7.1. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries
7.2. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020
7.3. A comparison of potential electric traction motor technologies
7.4. Comparison of ac and dc electric motors for traction
8.1. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
8.2. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
8.3. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
8.4. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
8.5. Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
8.6. Military electric vehicle sales by region 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in percentage units
8.7. Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2010
8.8. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
FIGURES
1.1. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
1.2. Forecasts by year of ex factory market value of electric marine craft by six marine sectors 2011-2021
1.3. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2011
1.4. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2021
1.5. Market value for electric marine craft 2011
1.6. Market value for electric marine craft 2021
1.7. Number of companies making hybrid vs pure electric craft
1.8. Manufacturers of electric craft by country
1.9. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total market value in 2012
1.10. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total market value in 2022 rounded
1.11. Electric vehicle upfront cost vs their traction battery energy storage
1.12. Evolution of affordable, mainstream hybrid marine and other vehicles
2.1. EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years
2.2. Electric vehicle value chain
2.3. The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles
3.1. Small electric boats for hire
3.2. Electric launch
3.3. Electric Boats Thailand advertisement
3.4. Seascape pedalo EV
3.5. Left to right Mr Ray Hirani, Dr Peter Harrop, Montgomery Gisborne
3.6. Tamarack Loon
3.7. Electric deck boat by Leisure Life
3.8. Boesch Boats of Switzerland
3.9. Epic hybrid electric sports boat
3.10. Boote Marian Acapulco de Luxe electric boat
3.11. Kitegen kite providing supplementary power to a ship
3.12. Ocean Empire LSV concept with electricity from kites, waves and sun
3.13. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
3.14. MW Line solar seagoing boat
3.15. Zoom Solar powered unmanned boat gathering oil
3.16. Seagoing yacht with auxiliary engine
3.17. Fuel cell hybrid ferry
3.18. Rigged and ready, Tang is towed carefully to the launch site
3.19. Plug-in Tag 60 hybrid sailboat
3.20. Tag 60 at speed (CAD)
3.21. Main salon (CAD)
3.22. Tang’s 18 kw motors
3.23. A lithium-ion battery module as used on Tang
3.24. EMM controls all electrical functions from touch screen consoles at each helm station
3.25. Tranor PlanetSolar solar catamaran
3.26. Tranor PlanetSolar – the world’s largest solar powered boat
3.27. Tranor PlanetSolar out of the water
3.28. Skippers Raphael Domjan of Switzerland and Gerard D’Aboville of France (left) stand on the bridge of the solar boat
3.29. The rigid-wing superyacht concept called ‘Soliloquy’
3.30. Head on view of the rigid-wing superyacht ‘Soliloquy’
3.31. Hybrid tugboat
3.32. Engine room of the hybrid tugboat
3.33. Workmen weld on the bottom of a tug boat behind the Z-drive
3.34. Bratt electric tugboat
3.35. Supertanker deliverance
4.1. A low cost sea scooter
4.2. Sea scooter by Pro Audio Elite of Italy
4.3. Personal submarine
4.4. Wet submarine
4.5. Two-person SportSub submarine
4.6. Tracking the colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) is now possible?
4.7. Early Deepflight submarines
4.8. Two seat Super Falcon
4.9. Deepflight three person open submarine “Necker Nymph”
4.10. Other DeepflightTM craft enclose a driver and passenger
4.11. Deep Flight Aviator two-person leisure submarine
4.12. Virgin Oceanic solo piloted submarine
4.13. Deep Flight Challenger, a one-person, high-performance experimental prototype submersible
4.14. Seattle personal luxury submarine by US Submarines
4.15. Submarine Powerboat from Marion HSPD
4.16. Triton personal submarine
4.17. US Submarine’s main tourist submarine
4.18. Bionic Dolphin
4.19. Planned Lockheed Martin vehicle mimicking a gannet
5.1. Wave and sun power recharging a glider AUV before it resumes its mission
5.2. Wave and sun powered sea glider
5.3. Autonomous wave glider
5.4. New long-range undersea robot goes the distance
5.5. Thomas Hoover and Brett Hobson work on the long-range AUV
5.6. The long-range AUV being towed out of the Moss Landing Harbor for a test run
5.7. Brett Hobson watches Tethys floating at the sea surface in Monterey Bay
5.8. The Ocean Explorer AUV
5.9. Ocean Voyager II AUV
5.10. Hydroid Remus 6000 AUV
5.11. Kongsberg HUGIN swimmer AUV on Republic of Korea Navy ship
5.12. Kongsberg’s Hugin 1000 portable AUV
5.13. Royal New Zealand Navy assist the search for a sunken ferry in 2009 using Kongsberg AUVs
5.14. Remus 600 – not identical with the LBS version
5.15. Gavia AUV schematic
5.16. A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water
5.17. Autosub6000
5.18. AUV from a.r.s Technologies
5.19. Indian AUV-150
5.20. URASHIMA
5.21. URASHIMA mission profile
5.22. Specification for JAMSTEC long range AUV
6.1. AquaJelly
6.2. AirJelly
6.3. Japanese robot jellyfish
6.4. German robot jellyfish
7.1. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies
7.2. Trend from conventional hybrid to range extended hybrid
7.3. Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs
7.4. Bluefin pressure compensated battery packs for AUVs
7.5. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
7.6. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles
7.7. Modular Li-ion batteries for AUVs
7.8. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
7.9. PEM fuel cell
7.10. New Intermotor brushless permanent magnet marine traction motor
7.11. Brothers Willisits pure electric outboard motor
7.12. EMotor 75kW pure electric outboard motor with synchronous permanent magnet motor, asynchronous optional. The exposed motor is shown left.
7.13. Thruster for DeepFlight two person enclosed submarine
7.14. Several drive systems in a swimmer AUV
7.15. Ford Siemens EV motor for central operation
7.16. Hybrid vehicle electric motor
7.17. Underwater docking station
7.18. AUV under ice docking and in-water battery recharging provide the highest technical risk
7.19. MBARI undersea deployment of AUV with underwater inductive charging
7.20. AUV inductive charging under water in test tank
8.1. Market value of electric marine craft (US$ billion) in 2021
8.2. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
8.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by applicational sector, rounded
8.4. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded
8.5. Leading players today